Nicolas M Iglesias

Nicolas Iglesias

By: Ashley Alderman and Emily Shlapak

Introduction

My partner and I interviewed Nicolas on Monday, November 26th, at his office in his place of work, Rocktown Realty. Nico was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1974 and lived there until he immigrated to the United States in 2000 at the age of 26.  He currently resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia after moving from Miami in 2015. He works full time as a realtor at Rocktown Realty. We interviewed Nico to find out information specifically about his life in Argentina, what lead him to becoming a citizen of the United States, and ultimately about his life here in Harrisonburg.

Life in Argentina

Nicholas Iglesias is 44-years-old and was born and raised in Argentina. At home in Argentina, him and his father owned a printing company, but the business was not doing well enough to support their family. The lack of success from their printing company is what ultimately pushed Nico to start a life in the states so that he could make a better living. In 2000, he was 26-years-old when he left Argentina to find work in the U.S. What’s important to note is that at the time of Nico’s departure, Argentina was undergoing a severe economic crisis, which was affecting their small printing business. During most of the 90’s, Argentina led mostly all Latin American countries in terms of economic growth. Everything took a turn in the late 90’s due to the country’s currency peg to the U.S. dollar, various fiscal policies, and an excessive amount of foreign borrowing. This left the country in a major currency, debt, and banking depression (The Argentine Crisis 2001/2002).

As seen in the graph, it’s clear to see that Nico left Argentina right before the country was in complete economic disarray. The graph shows the severe dip in the government’s debt as a percentage of GDP. In December 2001, President Rodriguez Saá announced a default on Argentina’s sovereign debt, in which he was forced to resign a few days later. Four different Presidents attempted to take control of Argentina’s economy in December 2001, none of them managed to stay in office (The Argentine Crisis 2001/2002). The volatile economic state of the country coupled with political instability was the “push” from Argentina that justified Nico’s decision.

When asked about any significant event that helped Nico transition to American life, he provided a fascinating response that encapsulates the essence of his “push” from Argentina and his “pull” to America. He said it wasn’t really an event, but the “option to have a future is the big difference.” Nico said that in mostly all of South America you could have an “okay” business but then “in two months, something changes, new taxes… or deflation… You’re gone. You have no idea what’s going to happen. It’s completely unstable.” This brilliant and eye-opening response shed light on the fact a lot of countries current economic/political state does not allow for its own people to have the option of a foreseeable future. Due to Argentina’s state when Nico left, he felt that the country was too unstable to be able to organize himself and plan ahead. That is a luxury that Americans take for granted the ability to make 5 or 10-year plans for the future with the reliance that the government or economy won’t radically decline/shift in an abrupt way. We see our stability as a necessity rather than a luxury. Nico’s response to this question perfectly illustrated his motivation to leave Argentina and migrate to the states.

Change to America

When Nico first arrived in the U.S. he settled in Miami, Florida. A friend he had attended elementary school with was already living in Miami; therefore he saw it as the best option for a place to start. Connecting with this friend allowed him to become part of an already present surrounding Latino community which helped make the move and acclimation to the U.S. easier. He entered the U.S. with a B2 visa, or in other words a tourist visa (Temporary Work Visas). His tourist visa allowed him to stay for 6 months at a time and but did not allow for employment. In Nico’s first year he traveled back and forth from Miami to Argentina 17 times. When asked what he did to make money he explained, “what I was doing is coming in, buying some stuff, buying electronics, buying clothing, going back, selling and trying to start a kind of a business and make a living off that.”  He also worked multiple other jobs to make ends meet, one included making pizza. When traveling back to Argentina he would often get asked about his work, receiving comments such as “Why are you doing it in Miami and not doing it back in Argentina?” when relating to pizza making or he would get ridiculed, his friends constantly asking “why he was going to go and wash dishes for the gringos over there?” and yet these comments didn’t affect his plan. His response would be “Because if I’m doing the dishes, I can live with that money.” His jobs and the opportunities available in Miami were allowing him to save and count on money that wouldn’t have been possible back in Argentina. His employment held in Miami, and the money coming from it showed him a future that he could count on, without the threat that was present in Argentina, that one day he would wake up to it all changing or disappearing.

He received an opportunity to obtain a temporary work visa through his friend who was already working for a cellular company. His friend was able to connect Nico with a job and chance to put down permanent ties in the U.S. While this job created more stability for Nico, he still worked hard, once even holding three jobs at a time. He continued to work for the cellular company for 6 or 7 years until they went under bankruptcy. Due to this he then transferred to another company which also offered him a work visa until he eventually started up his own business. He was able to apply for his green card after 6 years and then worked on applying for his citizenship through his new LLC.

Around the time Nico was applying for his green car, he married his now wife Sandra, in Miami. Sandra was from Columbia and had already been going through her citizenship process when they met. She was steps ahead of Nico and once she was finally a citizen, he was able to expedite his process through her file as well. He and his wife lived in Florida for a total of 5 years after they got married. His business, Pro Arco LLC, a cargo company which specialized in international business, had flourished, however it held a lot of responsibility which was often put solely on Nico. After receiving an offer to sell in 2015, Nico, Sandra and their dog, Shanty decided to complete their mutual goal of moving north. During an annual road trip the trio happened to stop in Harrisonburg where they found everything they were looking for.

Work in Harrisonburg

In September 2015, the family of three packed up and moved to Harrisonburg. When asked why they choose Harrisonburg, Nico responded with one word, “adventure.” Due to the fact that Nico wanted to cut back on working and the original headquarters of Rosetta Stone, the company his wife worked for, was located in Harrisonburg, they saw this as the perfect choice for them. Once settled here Nico planned to take a yearlong sabbatical, however, this ended after just a short 3 months. Previously in Miami, his clients use to ask for and trusted his advice given on investments and properties. With this move, he decided that was what he wanted to continue, but in a more official manor. He got his realtors license in hopes of making a profit on the side of his everyday work, however it ended up becoming a bigger focus than he expected.

“I’m probably not the real, the ideal realtor or, the one that you will figure out that is a realtor,” Nico claimed. Starting out his work mainly focused on investing in properties, calling up those who had asked for advice previously and offering his services officially. His previous work in international business allowed him to create contacts and clients who don’t even live in Harrisonburg, but who now own the buildings. Often times he has sold properties without the client even seeing them. He sees his work as mainly numbers and can convince a client or potential client with only 10 minutes of talking about the logistics of an investment. While he started with a more adviser/behind the scenes approach, his growing connections to Harrisonburg as well as the Latino community are resulting in him becoming a bit more hands on.

Life in Harrisonburg

Nico’s first impression of Harrisonburg is that the place truly encompassed its name of being the “Friendly City.” During Mr. and Mrs. Iglesias’ first Thanksgiving in Harrisonburg, they were completely by themselves and they did not even know where they could buy a turkey. They went to Food Lion and someone that was stocking the shelves took 10 minutes out of their time to explain to them where they could go to buy one and how to get there. Nico recounted that you would never see that type of hospitality in Miami, they’d probably just tell you to “go to the store.” Him and his wife’s encounter with the Food Lion employee was their first symbolic interaction that shaped the way they viewed the city of Harrisonburg. He feels as if he’s acclimated very well to Harrisonburg, especially because it is not a large city. Nico remarks, “I mean I, I know people all around and being here only three years. So that’s the main, the main thing you have friends all over and that helps, really.”

Something important to talk about is the influx of immigration that has occurred in the Harrisonburg community the past few decades. In Harrisonburg and Rockingham County (2017), 16.7% of its citizens are foreign-born, which is bold compared to 10% in the state of Virginia (A Brief History of Immigration in Harrisonburg). More notably there has been a “Latinization of the Central Shenandoah Valley.” Although there are many factors that influenced the surge of immigration in the 90’s, one of them was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that was signed in 1992 and took effect in 1994. NAFTA had a negative impact on small Mexican farmers, which caused an influx of Mexican immigrants coming to the U.S. Refugees and immigrants were also drawn to the Shenandoah Valley due to the poultry industry, which mixed the pot of ethnicities that were present in the community (A Brief History of Immigration in Harrisonburg). Essentially, “immigrant recruitment” was occurring in the valley due to the need for workers, notably on farms. The city of Harrisonburg was starting to adapt to the strong presence of immigrants at different levels of the community. According to New Bridges, the Immigrant Resource Center, “by the late 1990s, Harrisonburg City Public Schools provided translation and interpretation support for multiple languages, including Spanish, Arabic, Kurdish, and some Russian” (A Brief History of Immigration in Harrisonburg).

Nico is satisfied with the Latino presence in Harrisonburg because it keeps him socially engaged with the community. Nico says, “We are always getting together for, I would say probably once a month just for fun. Having dinner in different places. We have a group of, I would say probably seven to eight couples, kids, dogs and just get together, have dinner, or probably go to a salsa night in the cross keys vineyard.”

Nico’s Latino friend group is part of his contexts of reception in Harrisonburg because it has helped him adjust the most to life in Harrisonburg. Going from Miami to Harrisonburg certainly entails a form of culture shock, but we think that his Latino connections within the city is what keeps Nico grounded. Nico’s wife was born in Colombia, so this is also a feature of Harrisonburg that she benefits from. As pictured, Cross Keys hosts Salsa Night on a monthly basis, which is a primal example of the city accommodating to the ethnic community. Cross Keys hosting these types of events that appeal to Latinos is another context of reception for Nico, in other words, another way that makes him feel more connected to the community. These types of international events are crucial to a growing, cosmopolitan community that seeks to make its newcomers feel as at home as possible.

Attitudes

When asked if there has ever been bias placed upon him due to being an immigrant in his line of work Nico had a few answers. “Yes and no. I mean, the environment that we have in this company, it’s completely different as you can imagine than any other company that’s, that needs to be said. It’s a complete difference. One of the owners was born in, uh, Netherlands, uh, and lived all over the world, so he speaks like six different languages. We have people from at least 10 different countries working in the company.” Rocktown Realty therefore being a diverse and accepting workplace like a lot Harrisonburg, however he has experienced some issues with his clients. “I get phone calls from a lot of people that I don’t know and as soon as they call me on the phone and get my accent or my last name it’s, “uh, I already have a realtor” or “I’ll call you back later”.” Nico also noted the difference in perceptions in Harrisonburg compared to Miami, “Usually in Florida if they are not really, let’s say, pro-immigrant. They just left you alone. That’s it. Over here, they let you know that they are not willing to let you be basically.”

Nico’s remarks highlight that while Harrisonburg may be called the “Friendly City” and that it has become a lot more diverse over the last few years, there are still people that aren’t as accepting. The context of reception in this case would be that the people and communities in Miami were a lot more willing and/or accepting towards immigrants than in Harrisonburg. We believe this is due to the vast population of diverse people, including immigrants, which are integrated into Miami’s society. If there are any issues, they often aren’t showcased, merely they let it be. While there may be some people against the immigrants in their society, they don’t go out of the way to make people feel rejected or unwanted, they’re merely indifferent. Whereas in Harrisonburg, the “natives” as Nico comments, sometimes aren’t afraid to blatantly show their bias, recalling that “When we moved here, I mean the city was extremely friendly. We know that at the very beginning. But every now and then we, when you hear someone that is really against you– is really against you.”

Conclusion

Nico has been living in the U.S. for 18 years now. He has built a home, strong connections to his community, as well as a successful career and continues to do so.Curious to see his opinion on his journey as an immigrant, we broached the question about if he had any advice to give to others thinking about immigrating to another country, “looking back, I will always try to get a helping hand in advance. Try to know where I’m going to land and if there’s going to be uh plan B, let’s say.”  When we asked Nico to look back at his entire experience immigrating to America, in retrospect, he told us something very humbling: “No, I wouldn’t change anything. I mean, again, that’s basically my way of life. I mean, I did it at the moment, I took my time, I thought about it, I thought this was the best, and if it wasn’t, okay, next.” Venturing into the unknown, not knowing anything besides the fact that the journey will be arduous is a daunting pursuit. What really struck us about Nico was his humility. He was brave enough to take a risk, brave enough to make mistakes, and most importantly, brave enough to learn from those mistakes. He did not judge himself when he messed up, he said “ok, next,” and forged forward. No thinking, just doing. He said he was going to America, and that is exactly what he did. For foreigners to come to America, that long process alone is emotionally and physically taxing. The idea that they can then start a life here and lead a life they are proud of is genuinely impressive beyond words. The resilience of Nico, among thousands of other immigrants, is an admirable quality that we truly need to have more of in America.

Interview with Nicolas Iglesias

By Ashley Alderman and Emily Shlapak

November 26th, 2018 at 4pm

Emily Shlapak (1) : Alright, so if you wanna just start with your name, where you’re from and what life was like, I guess in Argentina,

Nicolas Iglesias(2): What life was like in Argentia ha, well my name is Nicholas Iglesias. I’m from Argentina, i am 44 years old and I started coming to the states when in 2000. Uh, there was a big economic crisis at that time between 2001 in Argentina. I was working with my dad in a project and we own a printing company lets say, and it was not giving us enough money to the both families. Yeah. So I just decided to let him start to stay over there and I’m moved here and start from scratch. But it was easier for me being 20 years old.

Ashley Alderman (3): So you were 20 when you came?

Speaker 2: I was 26

Speaker 1: What was the process like to um, get your visa?

Speaker 2: Extremely hard and difficult. It was, I mean when I first came I came with, uh, what was it, a tourist visa, so it all only allows me to stay for six months, not work for anybody. So what I did was for the first year I traveled back and forth 17 times actually.

Speaker 1: In six months?

Speaker 1: No in a year, a year. Crazy. Let’s say about once a month, let’s say 17 months probably. So what I was doing is coming in, buying some stuff, buying electronics, buying clothing, going back selling and trying to start a kind of a business and make a living for that, uh, after that, I mean, long story short, I started working for a company that sells cellular phones and they offered me to get my visa.I got the visa from them, a work visa, a working visa from them. And that every time that since I started trying to do my own business, what I did was I create my own company and start building my own LLC to get my visa through my company.

Speaker 3: What was your company? Like cellular?

Speaker 2: Uh, yes. It was a generic, buying and selling whatever I can do a basically for export to South America, especially different Argentina. And uh, that was the beginning of it. I worked for three different companies at the moment. The first one was going towards bankruptcy, so I moved to another one, got my visa,  transferred the visa, and then after six years I was able to apply for my green card. At that very moment I got married to my actual wife. She was already a citizen, or getting her citizenship probably a year after we get married.

Speaker 1: Was she from Argentina as well?

Speaker 2: No she’s from Colombia.

Speaker 3: She’s went through the same process kind of too?

Speaker 2: Kind of yeah, she did the basically the same process. We didn’t meet at that time, but she, she could make it faster than me,. So when I could apply for my green card, she was already applied for her citizenship. So I did my green card on her file, let’s say. It was faster for me.

Speaker 1: When you first came here, where did you come to? Harrisonburg?

Speaker 2: No, no that was in Miami. I lived in Miami, uh, 15 years.

Speaker 3 : What made you go to Miami first?

Speaker 2: It was easier. It was the idea to live with some Latino, like community. So Latino community is surrounding, make it easier. One of my biggest friends was living there. Uh, so I moved here, moved there and started working with him.

Speaker 3: So it was people you had previously known?

Speaker 2: Yes. I mean only one, one or two friends that we actually did elementary school together. So I decided to start there. And my always, my goal was to move somewhere, let’s say northern to live really in the states basically.

Speaker 1: Uh, did you guys work together?

Speaker 2: Yes, my friend?

Speaker 1:   Yes.

Speaker 2: Yes, I worked for him. He was working for um, a, a cell phone company and he brought me into the company and we worked together for probably six or seven years. Then when the company was heading to bankruptcy I just moved onto another company.

Speaker 1: Did you like living in Miami?

Speaker 2: Yes and no. I mean it’s a big city, a lot of options, but everything is a, I don’t want to say a mess, but kind of. The worst thing was basically the, the weather weather was too much. Way too much, I mean eighties, at least all year, round around way too much. So again, after we got married, uh, probably five years after we were married, yes, between four or five years, we both have the same idea of let’s move somewhere else and it just happened to be in Harrisonburg

Speaker 3: You came over alone you said?

Speaker 2: Yes

Speaker 3: But did any of your family ever come over?

Speaker 2: Not to live here. They visit at least once a year. Uh, I’m actually going to Argentina next week for 10 days. Uh, it’s my oldest brother, my only brother, 50th birthday, so I’m flying to. I’m going to see him and stay with my family. My mother was here about two, three weeks ago. She usually comes once a year, at least, my brother every now and then. I haven’t even seen my sister in three years, uh nephew’s every now and then. It’s, I mean it’s long trip and an expensive trip,  so it’s not easy for them to come over, especially big families.

Speaker 1: How did you make the decision to come to Harrisonburg, like harrisonburg  specifically?

Speaker 2: That’s uh, Okay. I will, I mean, if I have to say only one word, it will be adventure basically. Uh, I worked for myself for the last 15 years probably, or at least 10. I owned a cargo company in Miami. I was working way too much to be honest. All the records, all the stuff was on my shoulders, all the time. Um, so once a year , for usually holidays we did a road trip. Sandra, my wife, the dog and me, just the three of us driving around somewhere, usually north specially to Canada. I have a friend  who was in elementary school with me yet, so I’m still in touch with him and try to meet each other at least once a year with him. So on one of those trips we happened to stop in harrisonburg. Uh, we liked the city, it was nice, it was friendly, completely different. We were like okay this has all the seasons, you can actually see the changes.

Speaker 1: Yeah that’s why my family moved, cause I use to like in Florida, like West Palm beach area.

Speaker 2: Okay, well the last, my last address in Miami, Florida was um Davy, fort lauderdale?

Speaker 1: Oh okay fort lauderdale! Yeah but I was from Jersey, but we missed the four seasons so we moved back so that’s why. Yeah.

Speaker 2: So, and that trip also I mean, uh, Sandra, my wife works for Rosetta stone, Rosetta stone start here, it started here, the very best big, first beginning of the song encouraged.So, and that also, I mean, uh, Sandra, my wife works for Rosetta stone, Rosetta stone start here, it started here, the very  first beginning of Rosetta stone was in Harrisonburg.

Speaker 1: Oh I was not aware of that

Speaker 2: So she is, a Spanish coach, online coach, so they have to work from certain cities. Usually it’s main cities, Miami, New York, Texas, whatever. And this is one of them being the first one that they had. And we said okay, we can, she can still work from home. And I just, uh, we just decided to move here, one year after we were basically moving.

Speaker 1: What made you transition from the cargo business to realty?

Speaker 2: Uh, I again, was in international business for many years. Most of my clients have too much money in their own countries. They can’t spend it over there because tax purposes or that kind of problems. So they started looking at me for some advisors. So I’m trying to see where they can buy or what they can do with the money. I help them to buy many properties in Miami, but without a license, just telling them what to do or where to buy. When I sold the cargo company, I moved here with an idea of one year of a sabbatical year and do nothing and just wind down. And after two or three months I’d say, okay, I can get my license. I got my license and start exploring a little bit more and started looking at properties. I bought one for myself as an investment. It was too good to be true too. So I get really deep into it. Got into it, got my license and thought okay, I can do something on the side to make a profit and you end up with it being way deeper and bigger than I thought. So I just focused completely on it.

Speaker 1: Do you enjoy being a realtor?

Speaker 2: Yes. Yes. Uh, I’m probably not the real, the ideal realtor or, the one that you will figure it out that is a realtor,

Speaker 3: Like the image?

Speaker 2: The image. Yes. The standard, because for example, I tend or try not to work on the weekends, which is not really a feasible for our standard realtor, but um, most of my clients are investors. 90 percent I’ve focused in investing in properties and I have probably , I can say about 50 properties I have sold, that the buyer didn’t see because it’s just numbers. I mean this is a property, I can do this, I need to do this, do this, and then it is going to be rented at that, okay done, make the offer. So it’s kind of a different approach. But I’m getting lately, probably  for the last six months and in the near future, I’m getting involved really deep with the Latino community so that will make me probably have to move a little more on the weekends. But the last, we just added two new realtors to the team and both speak Spanish and they’re both new so probably all the leads that need more attention and more being taken care of over the weekends, they will help me and do that.

Speaker 3: Has being an immigrant and your previous knowledge of the international trades and all that, has that helped you as a realtor or just ever affected you negatively?

Speaker 2: No, it helped me really. I mean, again, most of my clients, at least my first clients were who I started calling and I saying I can do this instead of a meeting. There’s a big difference buying a condo in Miami for $200,000 and one here for 50.

Speaker 1: Yeah, it’s crazy.

Speaker 2: So calling them with that kind of differences and the rent here, it was even bigger than the one that you can have in the $200,000 in Miami. They were starting calling me back so it really helped me, the knowledge, and I’m a number person. I am. I mean it just comes to me. It’s, it’s easy for me. So all that as a  background really helped me. It probably hurts me in the kind of way that I’m really a, again, linked to investments and that kind of unattached to a property. I mean if it will make me profit, I will give it. If no one will sell it I’ll make you sell it. So every time that, I mean, everybody’s attached to a property or thing that the property is worth more because they grow up there or something that is kind of hard for me because I’m, I see numbers, but uh, other than that, it really helped me

Speaker 1: Have you experienced any bias in the workplace or from potential clients due to being an immigrant, so like people’s attitudes towards you or

Speaker 2: Hm? Yes and no. I mean, the environment that we have in this company, it’s completely different as you can imagine in any other company that’s, that needs to be said. It’s a complete difference. One of the owners was born in, uh, Netherlands, uh, and lived all over the world, so he speaks like six different languages. We have people from at least 10 different countries working in the company. So that’s a different, completely different kind of environment. With customers- yes, I have been, I mean, every now and then we do a lot of investment in advertisement in Zillow. So I get phone calls from a lot of people that I don’t know and as soon as they call me on the phone and get my accent or my last name it’s, “uh, I already have a realtor” or “I’ll call you back later”. Yes. But either investors and they hear me ten minutes about numbers then I can flip them over, but uh, I need to fight it. I need to fight it yes.

Speaker 1: Would you say it’s more so or less than in Miami?

Speaker 2: I’m not in same field that I was in Miami, but I will say probably, you can feel it more here probably, because I’m dealing with a lot of, uh, investors from, I mean from, and I want to, I don’t want to say native, but really American people looking for investors for the investments that it’s a completely different scenario than Miami.

Speaker 1: Miami would probably bring people from all over too.

Speaker 2: Yeah. So they, I mean the, they’re used to it.

Speaker 3: Was it more worse say like when you first got here? Because Harrisburg has  grown to be more of a diverse/friendly place.

Speaker 2: Yes, yes, yes, yes. When we moved here, I mean, especially now after three years we have a big group of Latino friends, but uh, when we moved here, I mean the city was extremely friendly. We know that at the very beginning. But every now and then we, when you hear someone that is really against you– is really against you.

Speaker 3: Yeah, there’s no medium. They’re stuck with their older values.

Speaker 2: Usually in Florida if they are not really, let’s say, pro-immigrant. They just left you alone. That’s it. Over here, they let you know that they are not willing to let you be basically.

Speaker 1: Um, was there any like significant event that happened either here or in Florida that helped you transition most to American life? We got the big questions here.

Speaker 2: *sigh* I know ha. Uh, it’s not one. Uh, basically the option to have a future here is the big difference. That, uh, every time that I’ll go back to Argentina and speak with my friends or my family and say I can predict, I can know what I’m going to be doing in the next five years, at least, 10 years. That’s a big difference. Back in South America let’s say,  I mean even, I mean Columbia, Argentina, whatever, we can be, you have no idea how much, the value of your money today or tomorrow, or at two months.You know inflation, deflation,

Speaker 1: So it’s hard to like plan ahead?

Speaker 2: Correct. Yes. Because I could have an okay business in Argentina or Colombia, so any, any country in South America, let’s say, as it is today, Chile out of the question basically it’s more stable. But all the rest of South America, you can have a okay business today in two months, something changes, new taxes or money drops or deflation, whatever. You’re gone. You have no idea what’s going to happen. It is completely unstable. So that was a big difference and that was what made me come to America and say I can start, work hard, but make some progress and say okay, in 10 years I want to do this and being able to.

Speaker 1: So it helped you transition because you could organize yourself and plan ahead?

Speaker 2: Mhm, yes, basically.

Speaker 3: Were you originally planning on staying in the U.S.?

Speaker 2: Yes. That was the plan. I have no idea why. I mean, it was, uh, when I came to the states for the first time when I was 14, when my, when my dad was working for Dupont and one of his trips he just brought me in. Okay. I wanted to live there and it was just on the back of my mind all the time. And again, in 2001 when I started flying back and forth, there was also the option to go to Canada. It was probably easier for me to get the visa, whether a student visa or do something different, but I just happened to be Miami. I mean, just I choose.

Speaker 1: From people back in Argentina, what do you think holds them back from coming here and starting a life?

Speaker 2: Uh, it is probably English will be one of, the language barrier could be one of the options. Uh, I studied English in my, in Argentina for 12 years. It’s not that common, but most of the middle class will at least have a knowledge and be able to communicate. But, I mean the idea of a friendship in the states is completely different than the one that we have in Argentina. And even, I guess, that Argentina is completely different to the rest of South America. Front door of my house was not technically open for security purpose, but any friend that was just walking over and just knock on the door. Come on in. Let’s get a coffee, drink mate, or whatever altogether every time. No, no need to call ahead and make an appointment or other kind of stuff that basically we are used to here. I mean it’s really weird that or really not common for you to go over a friend’s house and just knock on the door here.

Speaker 1: That’s true… you got to call..

Speaker 2: Call ahead, oh you’re going  to be home two hours. I’ll be there. So over there is just, I’m here, let’s do something. So I guess that’s one of the bigger issu es and family, being able to have a family, being content with family, that’s probably one of them.

Speaker 3: Do you have any children?

Speaker 2: No.

Speaker 3: Do you plan on having any?

Speaker 2: We tried, we planned, but it didn’t work. We are not going to be crazy about it. We have a beautiful dog.

Speaker 1: Yeah, I saw that.

Speaker 2: 6 years old

Speaker 1: What’s his or her name?

Speaker 2: His, its Shanty. He’s a rescue. Yes. Black lab rescue from Miami. He came from Miami with us.

Speaker 1: Does he have a lot of energy?

Speaker 2: Yes. I love dogs. I love animals. I trained him myself. So he knows that inside the house is, it has to be mellow.

Speaker 1: Alright. We have a few more questions then we’ll be closing out. But. So what’s your favorite thing about being part of the Harrisonburg community?

Speaker 2: I would say probably friendly.

Speaker 1: People are so nice here. I’m from Jersey and everyone is so mean up there.

Speaker 2: Again, one particular event that happened when we moved in, uh, we moved in September in 2015. The first Thanksgiving were completely alone. No, we didn’t know anybody. What happened was we drove by on that first trip, a year later we just took one of the cars, putting it on a train, came here.  Getting into this office just randomly, rent the property from them and two weeks after just move all the stuff together here, so we didn’t know anybody. So we’re completed by ourselves. Thanksgiving we went to Food Lion and we were willing to buy a turkey breast because only two person. And the guy that was on the shelves in Food Lion took probably 10 minutes to explain us where to go to get it from, Carlisle, or Geroge, i do not remember which one, the outlet, a business that they have, the store that they have. So he took the time to explain and details, in this this corner this is Sheetz, on the left, whatever it is on the right. They really took care and make sure that we were pointed in the right direction. And that was great.

Speaker 1: You don’t see that everywhere.

Speaker 2: No no, I mean if it was Miami they’ll probably tell you “I mean, go to the store”. In Jersey, they’ll probably just ignore you basically

Speaker 3: Half the time you just get no response.

Speaker 2: So that’s the main thing. Being a basically a small city, you know everybody. I mean I, I know people all around and being here only three years. So that’s the main, the main thing you have friends all over and that helps, really.

Speaker 3: What does your community, do you guys do any game nights like for example, or like getting together for any holidays?

Speaker 2: Yes, yes. Uh, we, we are always getting together for, I would say probably once a month just for fun. Having dinner in different places. We have a group of, I would say probably seven to eight couples, kids, dogs and just get together, have dinner, or probably go to a salsa night in the cross keys vineyard. I don’t dance, but my wife does.

Speaker 1: It’s always just fun to listen to it though. Salsa music gets you up

Speaker 2: Yeah, completely. I mean, again my wife is an immigrant, she’s from Colombia so she dances and she loves to dance. I can’t and I don’t want to learn, but I can take her.

Speaker 1: You definitely could haha

Speaker 2: I probably could, but I know I don’t like it.It’s not gonna happen.

Speaker 1: All right. So we’ll make this our last question for this. Um, so, uh, for anyone I guess that it’s thinking about like leaving their country or wants to make that leap of faith to come to America or any country really, uh, what words of advice would you give to them in making that, I guess, jump? Like looking back on your experience.

Speaker 2: Looking back, I will always try to get a helping hand in advance. Try to know where I’m going to land and if there’s going to be uh plan B, let’s say.

Speaker 1: Yeah, so don’t just like put all your eggs in one basket and then you can’t?

Speaker 2: Yes, yes, yes. Try to see, uh, what was, what was going to be the plan. Of course everything can change and going back again. Mostly, I mean, some friends back home will ask you, what are you going to be doing? Uh, I cooked pizza for probably two years here. “Why are you doing it in Miami and not doing it back in Argentina?” Because, well, doing this here, I can live. In Argentina, no. That’s the big difference. From as less as I get paid and what he said, “are you going to go and wash dishes for the gringos over there. Why?” Because if I’m doing the dishes, I can live with that money. I can know that I can pay my rent and keep $100 at the end of the month if I want to. I’m not going to be able to do it or project back in Argentina in South America because it’s, you don’t know what’s gonna happen.

Speaker 1: So have a backup plan, have like the resources here?

Speaker 2: Get something in advanced , get something that you could rely on. And that being,  if you have someone that can point you in the right direction, uh, that will make a big difference. Big Difference.

Speaker 3: Okay wait actually one more last. Is there anything you wish or should have done differently in your process of coming here, becoming a citizen, anything?

Speaker 1: Or no regrets?

Speaker 2: No, I mean, but that’s my way of life basically. I did what I thought it was right at the moment and if I made a mistake, I admit it. That’s it. But it was part of the process,yes

Speaker 1: *interjection* And you learned?

Speaker 2: Yes, of defining where I’m going to go next. *pause* No, I wouldn’t change anything. I mean, again, that’s basically my way of life. I mean, I did it at the moment, I took my time, I thought about it, I thought this was the best, and if it wasn’t, okay, next.  Then try to change it. But, but uh, no, change no, no, no, no. I wouldn’t change.

Speaker 1: You wouldn’t be here right now you know.

Speaker 2: Exactly. Probably wouldn’t meet my wife or get the dog that I have now. I mean you can do a lot of different. I would probably be more smart with money, uh, at   the beginning because, I was doing really good in Miami at one point and living a really good life. I mean I won’t regret I won’t change it, but if I did different I will probably be able to stay on track instead of having to downsize and selling the house, return a leased car, all the kind of things that you see easy when you have the money or,I mean, all the advantages that you have being able to live here. For us coming from the, from, from South America, it’s a bit easier now. Now I can lease a Mercedes Benz for $400 a month. That’s cheap basically. I mean there’s a lot of money, but it’s cheap. Okay let’s get it. I mean, why? I mean if you’re saving $500 at the end of month after paying the car. Yes? Well, okay, you probably can afford it, but if  you are not saving the money? Uh, no, why didn’t you get a Corolla and pay 200? Is it basically the same? So that’s the only thing that I’d probably change. Uh, because as soon as you start, start doing better with money, growing, you usually start to spend more and that’s the end of it. At one point it’s going to be, yes, you’re going to pay for it.

Speaker 1&3: Yeah. True. All right. Thank you so much.

Speaker 2: No problem! My pleasure.

 

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Jose Carlos Ramos

Interview with Jose Carlos Ramos

by Cortni Potts and Megan Bennett

Jose Carlos Ramos

By Cortni Potts and Megan Bennett

My partner and I interviewed Jose Carlos Ramos to discover his story of where he came from, how he got to the United States, specifically Harrisonburg, and why. Carlos is from El Salvador and came to the U.S. in 1999. He went to university in El Salvador studying medicine, public relations, and even some English. He was one-year shy of graduating when his father had Carlos leave the country and its poor economic situation to instead go work with some people his father knew with jobs in America. He entered the United States illegally by the underneath of a truck, but now holds a legal status through the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) given to El Salvador from the United States government. Carlos first received this status two years after he entered the U.S. and still holds it today.

Harrisonburg has been Carlos’s home here in America the entire 19 years he has been here. He has worked in the poultry industry in Harrisonburg for the entire duration of that time as well. Currently Carlos owns a home here and has two children in school, one of which is his daughter who was born here in America, therefore making her an American citizen. This is a current concern for him as his TPS status is currently being threatened, and if it is revoked Carlos would be deported. Carlos is very active in the local and national politics and very much loves the “marvelous city” of Harrisonburg. He was wonderful to meet and interview, and my partner and I certainly learned many interesting things about him and his life, and even some about our country’s immigration policies.

Methods

Before meeting Carlos, we knew that his English was not the best. I myself (Megan) am a Spanish major and consider myself decent at understanding and speaking Spanish. This was still a difficulty to consider since my Spanish is nowhere near perfect and my partner (Cortni) only had a basic knowledge. We received Carlos’s contact information in class one day and were only given a phone number. The first time I tried to call Carlos, I must have caught him at work because on the other end I heard a faint “hola” and then distant chatter and a lot of background noise. I tried to talk and ask if this was Carlos and explain why I was calling, but I was receiving no answer. After about two minutes of hearing people in the background speaking Spanish and having no one answer me, I hung up. Trying the next day instead I was able to actually reach Carlos and set up a time for the interview. He was very excited to do it and had been expecting to hear from someone in “David’s class.” We were able to set up the interview for the next day, November 7, 2018, at his house at 6PM.

Cortni and I met up a little early the next day to make sure we knew how to work the recording device. Once figuring it out we headed over to Carlos’s to do the interview. Carlos greeted us at the door and after introductions led us to the kitchen. We sat down at the kitchen table and had Carlos sign our agreement form given to us by our teacher to assure that Carlos was okay with being recorded and having this interview posted online to the website. As he did this Cortni and I set up the recording device and made sure to turn it on and see that all the audio levels were reading correctly. The interview itself went pretty smoothly. For the most part we did the interview in English, but there were words that Carlos didn’t know and some questions we asked that he didn’t understand at first. If he didn’t know a word, I attempted to understand what he was trying to say and see if I knew the word. If he didn’t understand our question, I asked it to him in Spanish, which we came prepared with the translations. His daughter did come in towards the end to sit with us, but it did not affect the interview. Overall there were no complications.

A small issue Cortni and I did run into was transcribing our interview as there were times where what Carlos was saying was unintelligible or neither of us understood the word he was trying to use. These spaces are marked as [unintelligible.]

Departure and settlement

Carlos left El Salvador in 1999, shortly after the Civil Wars ended. Along with the damage from the civil wars, El Salvador also experienced two earthquakes that pushed people including Carlos from the county and toward the United States with the hope to gain temporary protected status (TPS). Carlos explains that the economy of El Salvador after the war was “down,” “crime [was] up,” and “poor [was] up,” all of which contributed to his personal motivation to the leave the country. Another major motivation for Carlos to leave El Salvador was “The problem is the business of my father is down right. No have money and I had to take the position to go a United States, immigrate the United States right.” His father being in the fabric industry provided him with a network that Carlos could use in his advantage to immigrate to the United States. Carlos describes his father engaging in these networks by asking

help me, I need my son to go a United States and immigration. My business is down, I don’t have more money and I need more better future for my son. And these people they say okay, no problem. You send your son I receive here in Harrisonburg Virginia.”

As Massey describes in the section titled “the social organization of migration,” networks play a critical role in the immigration process. Massey identifies three types of networks, one of them being friendships. Carlos’ father utilizes his friendships with immigrants in the United States by asking for support and guidance. Massey describes that “shared experiences create a disposition to exchange favors and provide mutual assistance that benefits both parties in the long run,”(Massey). We see this in the friends’ invitation for Carlos to come to Harrisonburg. Carlos continues to build on these networks as the friends whom “in the similar situation, have no paper” help him since he does not have family in Virginia and does not know anyone else. Carlos was able to continue the friendships and these networks because, as Massey explains, “a series of common experiences, customs, and traditions… permits easy communication and friendship formation,” (Massey).  

Crossing the border illegally, Carlos entered the United States in Phoenix, Arizona. He crossed the border hidden in a tractor trailer, describing the experience as

“the border de (of) immigration you look and it look nothing right, and the deposit is down the floor de (of) the trailer. In this situation I go.”

Once in the United States, Carlos made his way to Harrisonburg, VA where he settled down and has been ever since. He recalls that during his first day in the United States, he “cried” and for the first three months he “only watch[ed] T.V,” as he waited to receive his TPS. The process of assimilating into the United States, Carlos describes as “mental work.” With help from the people whom his father knew and the general community of Harrisonburg, Carlos was able to find his place and begin his new life. He compares Harrisonburg from when he first arrived to how it is now, saying that before there were only two Hispanic stores and now there are “maybe ten or fifteen.” Another change the he describes is the employment opportunities for Hispanic people, saying “they work in different businesses. Example, restaurant and example gas station and example and cleaning, medical cleaning. Before it’s not like nothing.” Regarding his own employment, he began working in the poultry industry since 1999, when he first arrived in Harrisonburg. When asked about the industry, he pointed out scars on his hands as a result of the taxing duties the job entails. He also shares a story conveying the working conditions.

“I had example no have time, example I need to go in the bathroom, el bano, say hey buddy you taking my position? No, I need [unintelligible] maybe one people, no, no, no, not in position, [unintelligible] , you say hey please I need break okay five minutes or two minutes. In two minutes to go to the bathroom. I said pee pee and come back. Right.”

These same harsh working conditions can also be seen in other poultry and agriculture plants around the United States. Workers in the Case Farms chicken plant in Canton, Ohio share experiences such as being disciplined for “leaving the line to use the bathroom, even though [the worker] was seven months pregnant,” (Garbell, 2018) Workers in the poultry industry also experience “carpal-tunnel syndrome at nearly twenty times the rate of workers in other industries,” (Garbell, 2018).  

Carlos still works in the poultry industry as a means to supporting his family and creating a future for his children. He explains how within six months of settling in Harrisonburg he bought his own house and explains how easy it was for him to purchase a car given his good record and ability to provide a down payment. He credits this opportunity to the idea that “the dealer, the restaurant they all tell the business no look in the people, oh no these people is immigrant, no, they look at the money.”

Attitude

It was easy to tell that Carlos loves Harrisonburg. When asked about how he felt received by the community he mentioned things such as “this city is the special city,” “it’s marvelous city, the people is marvelous people,” “the people muy carinoso (very caring),” and “here in Harrisonburg I repeat, the beautiful, the beautiful city.” When looking at the context of reception for Carlos, he seems to describe that the people were very welcoming to him from the very beginning. Of course, assimilation has gotten easier over the years, and the town has become more receptive as well. Since he has been here 19 years, he has seen the city change and adapt to the increasing immigrant population. He notes how he has seen more Hispanic shops and restaurants pop up, even how the roads have changed. His daughter’s school has created the first Hispanic dancing group which for him was a really big deal. This all shows how the town has adapted to its increasing immigrant community in order to better receive them and help with the assimilation process.

When describing his life in general at this moment, he said, “it’s, this state in my life is beautiful, I’m talking to other people. I have the real situation, the immigrants and the American people.” It was very sweet to see how much Carlos loves and appreciates his city as well as how involved in the community he is. Carlos does have some strong opinions on local and national politics, specifically focused on immigration, of course. But he uses this as a way to be more involved in the community. He told us about he and his daughter watched the presidential election together, and even followed the more recent midterm election. This is helping his daughter, who is considered a second generation, assimilate into the community as well.

Conclusion

Carlos’ story of immigrating to the United States conveys the stereotypical immigration story of coming to the United States in hopes to find opportunities leading to financial security, influenced by personal factors. The network system created by his father lead Carlos to Harrisonburg, Virginia. Where the demand for workers in the poultry industry provided him a source of income that he still depends on to this day. Although this line of work is demanding, Carlos appreciates the opportunity as it keeps in Harrisonburg where he can influence the community through political advocacy specifically regarding TPS. Carlos continues his active engagement in TPS as he fights for a better future for immigrants and his family.

 

Works cited

Grabell, M. (2017, May 8). Exploitation and Abuse at the Chicken Plant. The New Yorker. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/05/08/exploitation-and-abuse-at-the-chicken-plant  

Massey, D. The Social Organization of Migration.  

Interview with Jose Carlos Ramos

By Cortni Potts and Megan Bennett

November 7, 2018 at 6 PM

MEGAN

So you’re from el Salvador

CARLOS

Yes, my country is el Salvador

MEGAN

So obviously you were born there what was the country like when you were born

CARLOS

Alright and I born in February 26 de (of) 1972 and the city is San Salvador City the capital del Salvador. My family no is de (from) capital del Salvador, my family is de (from) San Miguel City the problema (problem) de (of) San Miguel is the city that we vacation in [unintelligible] del Salvador y (and) this area is very hot, right, and the weather is very hot maybe the weather is the 40, 38 degrees Fahrenheit every time. It’s the place that my city and it is dedication a agriculture, and the corn, maiz (corn), cotton, coffee, café (coffee), and cane, sugar cane, cane azucar (sugar). It’s the [unintelligible] the problem is, this area the people the majority of people is poor, es pobre (poor), right. The majority of people poor is the area rural in the country, in el campo (country). Is that most people poor. And the city and living the people in the middle position, right, professional, doctor, and the different professionals in the city in San Miguel City. [unintelligible] the different eating, clothes, ropa (ropa), food, comida (food), and restaurant. The different area de economy, right. My infant is regular right like the play and the different play in my country and I like the soccer, right, play the soccer. Play the soccer in the area in the street in the front of my house, my neighbor and all the children and the had the group, two teams and play the game, the soccer, right. I study in my college in catholic college, right, in the catholic college. My high school in el Salvador [unintelligible] is the institute de (of) commerce de (of) San Miguel. I had my title, I don’t know my titulo (title), the, my high school, high school…

MEGAN

Diploma

CARLOS

Diploma, right, diploma. And in the area natural ciencias (natural science). I don’t know, it’s the [unintelligible] in my life is studying in university right, and I’d been studying medicine, three years, well situation de (of) economic and situation de (of) war in my country, I can’t continue study medicine. And it’s necessary to take position at change other city and the capital San Salvador City and I begin other professional and de (of) relation public. Relation public I study 4 years, right, well the situation economic that my country, I no can’t continue right. My country the problem is that the 1918, 1992, had twelve years, wars, civil wars right. The civil war maybe die 75,000 people right, in el Salvador, right. I don’t know it’s…

MEGAN

So, you studied at university in el Salvador

CARLOS

In el Salvador yes. My English my little English is working now here its studying in el Salvador and received the different model the English, English 1, English 2, English 3, the professional English and the problem is the practice okay in el Salvador no have people to practice the English, right. It’s very different only the English is very grammatical right.

MEGAN

So, when did you come to the United States

CARLOS

The United States I come here um 1999, right

MEGAN

So, after the civil wars

CARLOS

Yes in el Salvador. In el Salvador here. The question is, the 1999 a (to) 2001, I no have paper, yea, I illegal, right, okay. TPS is the program that the government and the disaster, natural disaster, and war and all this situation, in my country, Mr. President George Bush give the TPS el Salvador and el Salvador had two earthquakes, terremotos (earthquakes), earthquakes. The situation, the earthquake, hit [unintelligible] sign the TPS to el Salvador right. The beneficiary el Salvador. De (from) 2001 and this day, I had legal paper in the United States, right. And here the United States, I live in 1999 right, and in 2001 I have the position legal. For 2 year, no have paper. De (from) 2001 a (to) this day, I have the paper, right.

MEGAN

So, what was it like crossing the border without papers? And why did you come up without papers? Como cruzo la frontera? (How did you cross the border?)

CARLOS

Oh okay, the crossing the border had the different [unintelligible] right and the maybe the [unintelligible] maybe crossing in trailer, right, the trailer had the compartment, [unintelligible], I don’t know English, is separate the border de immigration you look and it look nothing right, and the deposit is down the floor de (of) the trailer. In this situation I go.

MEGAN

In the bottom of the trailer

CARLOS

Yea

MEGAN

Okay

CARLOS

In my port of entrance is Phoenix Arizona

MEGAN

Phoenix Arizona, oh okay. So it was after la Guerra Civil (civil war) in el Salvador, so why did you decide to leave in 1999 from el Salvador?

CARLOS

My first city here that I stay or…

MEGAN

Por qué sale el salvador en 1999 por los Estados Unidos? (Why did you leave El Salvador in 1999 for the United States?)

CARLOS

Okay, yes, um, my country had twenty year the war, right. They had finish the war, the economy de (of) my country is down, right. No war, criminal up, the poor up, right. The situation de (of) opportunity de (of) war in this town is not good, right. Um, in this time in this 1999, 1998, is the first years that [unintelligible] de (of) original is the los Angeles California. These people de (of) Angeles California deportation del Salvador y these people trainer old people young right. These people young no living only they living they grandfather or grandmother, why? Because the father and the mother immigration the United States the situation de (of) economic situation. No have money a (to) eating, no have money a (to) study, no have money vestir (to dress)

MEGAN

Clothes, ropas (clothes)

CARLOS

Is very [unintelligible] the problem in my country. My situation is the similar situation. I study in el Salvador and I no have maybe the level [unintelligible] my level in the country is middle, middle level right. The problem is the business of my father is down right. No have money and I had to take the position to go a United States, immigrate the United States right.

MEGAN

Did you know anyone in the United States? ¿Conozco alguien en los Estados Unidos? (Did you know anyone in the United States?)

CARLOS

Yes, in the prior de (from) my father right. My father is administration de (of) fabric. The construction de (of) material de (of) construction in el Salvador. In the area outside the city de (of) San Miguel City. And this area had the different people that live in this area, right. And cerca de (close to) fabrics, the construction. These people immigrate here in the United States maybe 1994, 1995, right. My father talk on these people, say help me, I need my son to go a United States and immigration. My business is down, I don’t have more money and I need more better future for my son. And these people they say okay, no problem. You send your son I receive here in Harrisonburg Virginia. And these people is in the similar situation no have paper, illegal right. These people working in different plants and example, Rockingham corporation, and the Wampler. Now its different name [unintelligible] and the Wampler today the name is VVEC, the corporation right. These people working in this plant, right, illegal, right. These people help me and I know, in this city I no have nothing family. In this area Virginia, I no have nothing family. My family live in Texas and New York. Only I here. My first day here in United States is very [unintelligible] I cry right. Although my preparation no is the physical work okay no mental work. Example, ustedes (you all), your preparation is mental work, right. No is physical work. Y (and) is a big change for me, right. I’m trying my TPS. I wait my social security, I waive my [unintelligible] three months, no work. Only watch TV, [unintelligible] the people that receive the document, they work is very strong. Other situation is, example, the people the other country, el Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, no have more option, right. No have the option to study. No have the option to help the government, right. Only work y (and) work y (and) work right. Example, now, American people had to question, Carlos, you continue to study, no continue to study. My pride in this time is work no is study. It’s a big problem in the immigrant right. Example I, I had my four years, one year more y (and) graduate [unintelligible] Seattle and relation public. And for me it’s the psychological, this time is the big change right. Example I understand that only the study the university gets study in the university old people they say oh its easy, oh its easy. It’s mental preparation, it’s mental. the people no understand the situation, right.

CORTNI

So how did you, you said when you first came to the United States you were in Arizona, how was kind of the like transition from going to Arizona and ending up in Harrisonburg?

CARLOS

The travel?

MEGAN

Yea, de Phoenix Arizona a Harrisonburg, como era la… (From Phoenix Arizona to Harrisonburg, how was the…)

CARLOS

Transportation?

MEGAN

Si

CARLOS

Ah, in this, in 1999, no is problematic, the transport, right. Maybe getting home, maybe the flyer right, no problem. The problem in New York, the [unintelligible] center is more hard transportation de immigrant right. I need more document, I need ID, I need passport, and last time I go, it’s easy right. Maybe you buy the coupon a (to) go to Harrisonburg, I don’t know, maybe you remember before the [unintelligible] have the terminal here in Harrisonburg, now no. Before right, transportation [unintelligible] pass right, the boleto (ticket), here in Harrisonburg transportation.

MEGAN

Por que Harrisburg? Conoce alguien o hay trabajar, de Phoenix Arizona (Why Harrisonburg? Did you know someone or was there work? From Phoenix Arizona…), so why, how did you end up in Harrisonburg?

CARLOS

Harrisonburg, my decision de (of) transportation de (of) Harrisonburg I have a friend de (from) my father, right. There more opportunity Harrisonburg to work, right. This area, the big city is a small city, right. It’s less control the people. More work, no have distraction, no have example, casinos, no have party, no have the different situation, bar, the other big city, right. I look in the city in the first day and I say, oh I like it, the city. Its [unintelligible] problem, have work, right, y (and) I like it, the city. The other situation is I like it okay the city, its similar el Salvador right, it’s similar mountain and the rural country, it’s similar right. Only no similar is the weather (laughter).

MEGAN

So, you’ve been in Harrisonburg since 1999?

CARLOS

Yea, 1999 and 2000 we came here in the United States and we stay here, October de (of) 1999, pero (but), I repeat, de (from) 1999 a (to) 2001 the position is illegal, right. De (as of) 2001, I had the TPS right. The problem is, example, other interview they say, hey, Carlos how many time you live here in the United States. I live here 17 year in legal position with TPS. In the really, I here 19 years, right. In legal position I here 17 years. I don’t know you trying to take it, you trying to take it in 2001, you trying to take it in 1999, I don’t know.

CORTNI

How when you first came to Harrisonburg, how do you think the city kind of like received you, and has that like changed since you lived here a lot more years now?

MEGAN

¿Cómo siente recibido para la comunidad de 1999 o ahora? (How did you feel received by the community in 1999 or now?)

CARLOS

Oh okay, this city is the special city, right. I like it. It’s marvelous city, the people is marvelous people and the first day, the first year here in the United States, I no have American friends, right. Now, I have found the different [unintelligible] the benefits of community I’m talking of all the people American. Example, in [unintelligible] fathers and school de (of) my daughter and it’s [unintelligible] elementary school. It’s the first Hispanic group, it’s the first dancing group, it’s [unintelligible] right. For me, it’s marvelous right. Now have example, the TPS and have the national TPS [unintelligible] right. It’s, this state in my life is beautiful, I’m talking to other people. I have the real situation, the immigrants and the American people. Example, this interview is the [unintelligible] for you and for you and for me, right, why? You say, hey, I listen and then you [unintelligible] to these people, right. He is criminal he is [unintelligible] only bad situation. In the real, anyway, any group have bad people y good people. And the people in Harrisonburg like it, right. It’s the people muy carinoso (very caring), and the people muy (very) [unintelligible], amigos (friends), friendly city. In this area right, yea I like it.

MEGAN

What was the Hispanic community like in Harrisonburg like in 1999? La comunidad hispánico en (the community in) Harrisonburg in 1999 versus now.

CARLOS

Oh, it’s very, very big change. I remember here in Harrisonburg only have two market Hispanic, tiendas hispaña (Hispanic stores), only two. One [unintelligible] in the 11 route [unintelligible] y (and) the other is near the 11 route [unintelligible] y (and) only two market Hispanic. Now, maybe ten or fifteen and Harrisonburg market only the food mart, example, the food mart is for sell the eating product Hispanic. Before, nothing was out. Others market I remember any time buyer [unintelligible] Hispanic say chino. And then…

MEGAN

Oriental Café

CARLOS

Yea, Oriental Cafe. You see the market is very small, in this area you buy example cookie del Salvador and candy del Salvador, coffee del Salvador, different product del Salvador right. Other big change example, the people, they work in different business. Example, restaurant and example gas station and example and cleaning, medical cleaning. Before it’s not like nothing. And now you, I remember example, this is the eating and golden corral. No see people Hispanic, and now all people is Hispanic. Example you visit the [unintelligible] in the night all people is Hispanic. I don’t know maybe the people Hispanic is more in this time pero (but) this situation is [unintelligible] and the economy de Harrisonburg, right. I remember, before have only Walmart, y (and) the Walmart in the situation and now the target, right. But now have 3 Walmart, have one Aldi, have the target have the food lion, have the I don’t know the … here pero (but) the business is more big, more big, more big. Example I remember the street the Linda lane, the finish here y (and) now continue. Y (and) the [unintelligible] at school and this area, before is not only [unintelligible] it’s a good economy de this country, de (of) this city. The problem is now example, in this situation de (of) immigration the people have more fears. No example, the Hispanic people like a change occur every year right. I not happy change occur, why. Okay here maybe one year in the United States, the politic de (of) immigration and… Example [unintelligible] I no have inversion, why? Okay no have [unintelligible] one year living here or no living here. No sé (I don’t know), this problematic is no good but economy de (of) Harrisonburg, right. Wherever you looking oh, the whole [unintelligible] right. Example, I like the change the new [unintelligible]. At first right, maybe I [unintelligible] and you cooking and one year no here. Pero (but), here in Harrisonburg I repeat, the beautiful, the beautiful city and had opportunity the people they like it the work, right. The people no like the work, maybe no live in here in Harrisonburg. I look in maybe in the downtown and the afternoon, the people on the stop, the people on the poster “I am hungry,” “I am homeless.” Y (and) here, all the sites they say that they need people. One thousand [unintelligible] in six month, what? In Harrisonburg have people, Hispanic people. They like it the work, the problem is, no have legal paper, right. And the first days in my company, all the people is Hispanic people, they no have paper, only paper the people they have is the TPS. Y (and), down, down, down, quit, quit, quit, quit in the new people no like the work. Maybe people the other country, or maybe people the United States, porque (because) I’m sorry pero (but) the people the United States, I don’t know maybe the people the problem is [unintelligible] they say I American y (and) they won’t like it no work, no like it no work. No, your decision. Example for professional right, the student they say work no like it, the position I like. Pero (but) had the option cause you a student. You no student, no have nothing position. You say I no understand the people I hungry maybe the exit the route 11 the DMV, maybe in the downtown, maybe here. [unintelligible] Its inside here maybe VVEC o (or) [unintelligible] $500, $1000, or the bond was the had the application the work y (and) these people [unintelligible] y (and) maybe these people is young people, you no understand. I look in maybe Walmart, two people, two men and the one dog. It’s like, oh my god. What happened, this is America, really? What? Is America now is very crazy right, okay, okay, okay. I no understand the situation y (and) these people they say, no Hispanic people lost my work. No, I no lost my work, I work I work I work. Nothing in this is easy or need pay. Example I pay my tax, I pay my, example my daughter born in America. My daughter no have Medicaid, my daughter I have my insurance. Y (and) what happened people say, ah no, these people they [unintelligible] they pay the electric bill, they pay the water bill, they pay the taxes, they pay the Medicaid, [unintelligible] no pay nothing but I need the water.

MEGAN

So, you work in poultry, right?

CARLOS

Poultry right poultry

MEGAN

Did you get into poultry from what your dad sent you to get to America?

CARLOS

Mhm, yea

MEGAN

So you’ve been working in poultry in Harrisonburg since 1999?

CARLOS

Yea, Harrisonburg

MEGAN

What’s the industry like?

CARLOS

What like the poultry?

MEGAN

Yea, como la industria de poultry? (What is the poultry industry like)

CARLOS

Como es? (How is it?) Is very, no easy. Its very hard, maybe you look at my finger, right. My finger had the maybe … right, I had to pay … example you look. Maybe I work every time 15 grades every time, the problem, the beef maybe forty grades anytime very cold. I no had the more option, example in this kind of weather, in the snow in the morning, for me is no good. Why, okay I need maybe levantarme (wake up), wake up, more early, why because

MEGAN

Mas temprano (earlier)

CARLOS

I need [unintelligible] to clean the car and maybe looking oh my god, good or no good driver. The snow in the morning, early, for me, it’s no good. Why. Okay. I need maybe the [unintelligible]. Wake-up more early. Why.

MEGAN:

(Spanish)

CARLOS:

[unintelligible]  need to clean the car, maybe looking. Oh my God, it’s good, I’m a good driver.

Laughs

CARLOS:

it’s very, [unintelligible]  driving in the snow, in the morning, it is slow right. I had example no have time, example I need to go in the bathroom, el bano, say hey buddy you taking my position? No, I need [unintelligible]  maybe one people, no, no, no, not in position, [unintelligible] , you say hey please I need break okay five minutes or two minutes. In town minutes to go to the bathroom. I said pee pee and come back. Right. [unintelligible]  maybe the position the [unintelligible] I don’t know may other positions opposite. They take McDonalds, take the coffee, very different. Why. Example, I used at work every time, you use the book, maybe eight or nine [unintelligible]  home, he say hey [unintelligible] my foot very water, no it’s not water it’s (Spanish) I don’t know english.

MEGAN:

Um like dirty? Or.

CARLOS:

Yeah (Spanish) say oh my God. it’s very hard, very hard. No more options for me. right. maybe option for me, example, my daughter have a better position for me my future. I need work for my daughter. have future more better. example my daughter, she have teacher maybe [unintelligible]  

CORTNI:

Do you have any connections, like to El Salvador? Do you go back there? or talk to people that are still there?

MEGAN:

Al visitar El Salvador o tiene a conexiones en El Salvador?

CARLOS:

Oh, Okay. El Salvador. I had the TPS. Temporary [unintelligible] . You are looking in the finish letter. Not valid for reentry to USA. Right. The homeland security had one option to travel out of my country. Why this option. The option is they [unintelligible]  

MEGAN:

parole

CARLOS:

This parole, I need pay this application maybe, i don’t know maybe four hundred dollar for one year, one year. I need take my fingerprints. I need take my picture. I need to recheck my record. Is there no problem, sign my parole for one year. In one year, no use the parole, no refund the money, no nothing. Had this option to travel to El Salvador, the problem is this parole and the [unintelligible]  had the different [unintelligible]

MEGAN:

Okay

CARLOS:

he say, you this parole no has [unintelligible]  you reenter the United States depending on the officer control the border.

MEGAN:

Okay

CARLOS:

Right. The officer control the border this day no eating or last night maybe the wife (Spanish) is angry, he say oh you no enter the United States. You come back, you can’t. You see the officer he say happy, say oh it’s okay. I like you face, come into the United States alright. I visit my country, last year.

MEGAN:

Last Year?

CARLOS:

Yeah, last year. For one month. Had maybe 18 year, no 17 year no visit to my country. Very very different. Example the children no is man, professor, maybe my family my [unintelligible]  my uncle, my all very different. You look into the street [unintelligible] why. it’s very different. The situation in El Salvador now is different, it’s very dangerous in different areas. not all areas, different areas, alright. [unintelligible]  maybe the [unintelligible] maybe the area of the street. Maybe you look in the, maybe you look in one main, the entrance to one street, you talk to the [unintelligible] said hey these people no live here, you check it out. theres maybe two people, he say hey where do you live. no I live with example my friend live maybe in this house, maybe die or maybe the money. Why this situation. And they call on my friend and say I visit tomorrow, alright. I sit in the entrance they [unintelligible]  no problem he say oh is he your friend, okay go in the country, very very all the situation is the young, the teen year and they exit the school, they say to sell the drug, or they say hey you have part of the gang. I don’t like this, you have part of the gang, no, you no part of the gang? you die or you die for your sister or you die for your mother, or you die for your father. They say okay this part is very very difficult now in my country. maybe you look and you watching tv the caravan of people in central America. These people no have more option. no have no option. and anyway these people have bad people and good people. pero people and the children [unintelligible]  example the old people no have no option right. United States the problem is no have the politic (do not understand) for good. maybe in my country, after the war I need more [unintelligible] in my country. Example, I, he say hey Carlos, you like it work in the United States is small. yes. okay. this is the visa, you work 6 months. in 6 months you come back and all the 6 months you work in the United States, in 6 months you come back. right they say my paycheck no here in the United States, my paycheck, the money in El Salvador. Work in the United States how the economy the United States [unintelligible] the economy of my country, they don’t have this option. Example he say no can the people necessary to travel to the United States [unintelligible]  no have this option. No have, why. Example the administration Obama had the option the people example the children the TPS have the go here, the new administration down, quick, this option. the people don’t have no option. right the United States is the father that all countries America is the big brother they call come to America. These people. example, I working here in America, its [unintelligible] . no [unintelligible] no robbery, and the economy of America. I [unintelligible] economy of America. Right. Example, now I need change my car. I had big credit and good credit. maybe see in Toyota, Honda, hey Mr. Carlos, hey welcome, what do you need. Okay i need this car [unintelligible] they say okay no problem. How money you want down [unintelligible]  down pay. Um maybe 500 dollar. Okay, no problem. And I own, and this day. Carlos have new car. no problem for have good record. The dealer, the restaurant they all tell the business no look in the people, oh no these people is immigrant, no, they look at the money. Right. In this situation not understand this president. Example you say hey, i don’t know maybe you think in the food, the hispanic food, [unintelligible] tacos, you like it , the food. they say oh my goodness, the food is very, very delicious, then American food.

Laughter

CARLOS:

[unintelligible]  They say hey this food is cooking the immigrant people, I don’t care, really like it. Right you like it. you like the food. you like my work. you like my song. now you look in the song Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Talia, the different song, in english, in spanish, Pitbull, right. You listen to his music. This music of the immigrant. I don’t care, I like it. The problem is in America is made to immigrants, why the different, the different is maybe your beautiful, you beautiful. [unintelligible]  You say, example, your family, why is your grand grand father, what countries, Germany, Poland, Austria. Maybe you visited the college you say the question why is the country that you big big father. Oh my big big father is Poland, my big big father is Norway, my big big father is Germany. Oh my God nothing is America. Yeah it it is real. The people not understood these people not have the example my friend Michael [unintelligible] , the teacher in the Mennonite university he say Carlos you have more American then I, why decent is Germany, you is America [unintelligible]  say why the different the immigrant. The first immigrant in United States traveled in the boat, the big boat, way entrance in New York in the island Coney island in New York and the file, what your name called, okay now United States citizen, United States citizen. Why okay this time they needed people in United States, no have people in United States. Need more people, the people is the [unintelligible] the economy. The whole country. Right. the people don’t understand the situation, the last year 22 thousand people (spanish) in the city de Eastern [unintelligible] .

MEGAN:

Eastern Europe

CARLOS:

(spanish) 22 (spanish) right. El Salvador, Honduras, caravan 3 or 2 thousand people in the [unintelligible] . have 50 thousand solider on the border. these people he say I hope the United States, the United States is the big brother. The problem is the United States no help these people no help my country, and the time the war. The United States send my country 2 million dollar, why can this time, the cold war [unintelligible] , why Nicaragua is the friend the Union Soviet. Nicaragua help the area El Salvador. He say this time Ronald Regan, they send money El Salvador, why because El Salvador de Korea de taken the problem de country South America, take the problem the Union Soviet [unintelligible]  guns, [unintelligible] , fire, [unintelligible] , the war, they say Ronald Reagan maybe have Joe Bush father he say hey 2 million dollar in 10 years I no have solution. I need solution the dialog in the (do not understand) the conflict, nothing win nothing lost. Okay. The [unintelligible] El Salvador, had [unintelligible] .

MEGAN:

Peace treaty

CARLOS:

Alright. Okay. Very Good. Peace. Love and Peace in El Salvador no problem. United States [unintelligible]  other country [unintelligible] more money in El Salvador economy, [unintelligible] no nothing. My daughter. [unintelligible]  It’s a big problem in my country, you know in El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, alright. Example, Guatemala no have TPS. Only Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador. Guatemala no have TPS. maybe you watch the news, I don’t know this year or last year, the volcano (spanish) people dying, maybe, I don’t know how the day maybe ten thousand people die, what happened to TPS, no TPS. Why. I don’t care, Guatemala is (not important) to the United States. Right. El Salvador now is the big problem, no have [unintelligible] . the people need immigrants. Okay Immigrant is the life, the universal life, example you say momma, papa I no like Harrisonburg, I immigrant say Costa Rica, or immigrant other country. Why, yeah it is my decision, okay. You immigrant, okay, you immigrant, your decision. No like it. Oh my goodness, United State very cold, maybe 10, 5, degrees. Oh my God. Right. No have more option. Say this two years old i visit a class, in elementary school, english class, have group people different country. The teacher had the question, how many time you have other partner, student for me. he say how many time you live here in the United State have 15 year [unintelligible]  he say 15 years, you no speak nothing english. Hey say hey I’m sorry I have a question for you, you work? no, I no work, I cooking, I [unintelligible] my children, I clean my home, okay. You have resident? yeah I have resident. In 6 months had my resident okay. Here have 15 year living here in the United States you no have resident. Why. I don’t know its a big question for the government. These people, hispanic people, no here in United States as student here in the United States work, Why. For my children, my children need eating. You maybe don’t have document, and me take it anyway position, maybe to clean the bathroom and to clean the i don’t know. The different paper, no I don’t clean the bathroom maybe work in the station in the restaurant, I don’t know may they say this [unintelligible] why the situation, real situation, the immigrant example in my country El Salvador, right. No work, travel here the United State, they like it, have more option, no more option, the option have the rich people, example the rich people in my country no study in the United States, study in France, Germany, England, United States, no. You like it United States. You look to maybe visit other country in Europe, maybe Germany or other country, it’s very different right. you look at example the street, example the interstate 81, only two lanes. You looking two lanes, one trailer here, one trailer there. Oh my God, right. Its America, in 18 years living here in Virginia, only two lanes. I look example on internet, example in (Holland) the street is plastic, [unintelligible]  no more gas car, the electric car. Why. What happened in the United States. Is the immigrant (Spanish), no the (Spanish). You and You, the future of this country, my daughter the future of this country, the women the future of this country. you know the movement MeTo, right. the MeTo, I like this movement, I like it. United State is necessary the women take it, the real position. The men is no good, the women. Example in the last election, I cried Hillary Clinton no win. What happened. Hillary Clinton had big opportunity and no win, I don’t know.

MEGAN:

Politics

CARLOS:

Politics, right, politics. example, in the JMU maybe no have the real idea the [unintelligible] . I like it the foreign the different, the interview, all people have [unintelligible] . example the country, the midwest have big problem in the war, why. in example my friend de Iraq say hey I have a question for you all right, you say Sudan Husain is a good president or a bad president, no he a good president, they pay [unintelligible]  300 hundred dollar for the people only work 60 year [unintelligible] the pension. right. the gasoline maybe 15 cents a gallon, why. you worry Sudan Husain is the bad people, the [unintelligible] people, no. This the good people. The dying the Sudan Husain taken the power over people now Iraq is down. Other problem is Libya, [unintelligible] in this control Libya. I say I don’t know if this war is very crazy, no, understand. Example my daughter last night she cry, say pap no win in Virginia.

MEGAN:

the election

CARLOS:

[unintelligible]  no hija, no. is Jennifer Lewis is only one represent. This morning the congress come to the (democrats) [unintelligible] . I don’t know. Why do you think?

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Mariana Lorenzana

Interview with Mariana Lorenzana

by Anna Clark and Evan Finley

Methodology
After a few emails back and forth, we finally met Mariana Lorenzana in her second grade classroom at Spotswood Elementary school right here in Harrisonburg, VA. She greeted us with a big smile and quickly admitted that she was a little nervous about the interview. We ensured her that we are also nervous, but there was nothing to be worried about. We sat down at a child sized desk and chairs, and began the interview after checking the recording device and signing the consent forms for the project. We started out with basic background questions. Looking back at our experiences it would have been nice to know a little bit about our subject in order to better customize our questions. Mariana was very excited to have the opportunity to share her story, but her nerves might have rushed her a bit and she skipped a lot of details at the beginning of the interview, so we had to make sure to come back to certain parts of her story to learn more about the timeline of her events.

Migration and Integration
Mariana was born in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. When describing her childhood in Honduras, she says it was “peaceful at that time.” She eludes to some violence within the public schools, but said it was better when she was growing up than it is now. Mariana first came to the US after graduating High School in Honduras. Through her church pastor’s connections, she was given the opportunity to participate in a program to learn English in Seattle, Washington. If she could pass all her English exams during the program, she could stay in the US longer and go to college there. Mariana said she didn’t plan on staying in the US for a long time and her motivation was her education, because she wanted to be a teacher. After a lot of hard work, Mariana passed all of her tests and was able to stay in Seattle and finish college there. She said this experience was a “dream come true.”
“I didn’t see that much of the city [Seattle] because I was always studying because I knew they just gave me six months to study to take the test and be able to go to college if I didn’t pass the test I was when I sent back home and I really wanted to go to school because what you guys have here or what we have that freedom and openings and all the chances, it’s not like that back in Latin American. You really have to work hard and it’s expensive. Even though universities here are so expensive, now that I have one [child] in college, it’s like, Ooh, but the opportunities that you have, it’s just there. So we, this people always ask us with my husband, how can you continue studying? I say because there is a chance to study. My husband just graduated with a doctorate in ministry and people say, why do you keep studying? Because there is a chance for us to study. If we were back home, we wouldn’t have that.”

After college, Mariana returned to Honduras to become a teacher at a bilingual school. After she got married, he husband was invited to come to the US by the Mennonite Church to work with the Hispanic community in New Orleans. At the time, they planned to be in the states for three to four years. She said she didn’t particularly enjoy her time in New Orleans, as they were only there temporarily, she couldn’t drive or work, so she just tried to enjoy her time working with the Church’s youth group. Eventually they were invited to become permanent residents through the Gulf States Mennonite Conference. Even though they only planned to be in the US temporarily, once they got their permanent residency status, they became more settled in the states and had kids. Mariana was worried that if they went back to Honduras, their kids would lose some of the advantages they have in the US such as educational opportunities and medical coverage for her adopted son.
After a few years in New Orleans, her husband was invited to move to El Paso, Texas and open a Mennonite Church there. “We fell in love with the place,” she said, “We really enjoyed it because we were able to go to Mexico and get some of the food, the spicy food and beans and the cheese and you know, at that time we just drove by and went to those expensive restaurants and they were not that expensive because we were paying in dollars and just the whole culture. It was a nice, nice place.” After being in El Paso for a few years, Mariana said that she and her husband began to feel more homesick and that it was harder to travel to Honduras from Texas, so when the opportunity arose for them to go Miami, Fl, they decided to move.
“It was more like being in Latin America,” she said. While her family was living in Miami, she started to work in a bilingual school. However, she and her husband felt that the Miami area was to “hectic” and unsafe, and her husband wanted to pursue another degree, that is when they found EMU and decided to move to Harrisonburg.

Harrisonburg
Mariana Lorenzana lives in Harrisonburg and is a teacher at Spotswood Elementary. After living in Louisiana, Texas, and Florida, she and her husband made Harrisonburg their home in 2004. Mariana Lorenzana has feels that Harrisonburg is by far the best place she has lived in the U.S. She said that once they moved here with her two children, they fell in love with the community, and that her kids feel that this is home for them. One of the most important factors for her about Harrisonburg bang the best place to live is that it is very safe. Compared to where they had lived before, Harrisonburg was by far the safest. She felt comfortable allowing her kids to play outside knowing they would be safe.
She also said that Harrisonburg was “a welcoming place.” Mariana Lorenzana was very connected with the EMU community. She talked about how she and her kids would walk around the campus and felt a real sense of community there. We asked Mariana if there were many other Hondurans in Harrisonburg when they first came and she said, “I think I didn’t know them because I was so involved in the EMU community, so I was not involved that much with them.” The Mennonite church clearly had the most influence over Mariana and her family’s experience in coming to the US and integrating here. In his article, “The Social Organization of Migration,” Massey talks about how voluntary organizations help facilitate migration, and this is true in the case of Mariana’s story. Since they have been here for so long, she and her husband, have branched out from the church and have become more integrated, but their faith is still an important factor that shapes their experience here in the US. “Now it’s easy, so much easier just to connect with other Hispanics because of the parents and at that time, not that much. We were new in the area.” She also had this to say about the EMU community: “EMU plays a big role because both of us graduated from there. So EMU has a special, you know, part in our heart and probably, you know, the connection.” This shows that all immigrant stories are different. Mariana Lorenzana didn’t know anyone when they came to the Harrisonburg area, but they soon found a community that was welcoming and safe.

Membership
When asked about the decision to naturalize, Mariana Lorenzana’s said the decision came quite easy. She made the decision because her residency was going to expire. They had always postponed the step of becoming a citizen because it was expensive. She said that they never really had the money to change their immigration status, but that they basically had no choice. They either would become citizens or leave the states. This made the decision quite easy. She then took us through the process of becoming a citizen.
She made the decision around 10 years ago and said that she took a class to prepare. She also bought a book and studied on her own, going through the questions in preparation. Some of the questions she was asked was about politics and about who her Representative and Senators are, and jokingly told us not to ask her who they are as she can’t remember. She also said that she was very nervous for the interview and that you need to be prepared and professional. She also thought that the people who interviewed her were very nice. The interview consisted of five questions, and if those five questions go well then that’s it, you pass the test.
She said she had one regret about the whole process. The regret she had was that she couldn’t keep her maiden name or her own last name. They told her that she could only have one last name and not a hyphenated last name. She regretted not fighting for it. But, like she said after this, it brings to attention how much you don’t know when going through the process of becoming a citizen. She felt that she had no choice but to listen to the people helping her with the process. It does seem strange that they wouldn’t let her have two last names but she didn’t want to cause any problems so she decided not to fight it. After the interview, the process continues. This consisted of getting fingerprints, going to the doctors, and conducting a background check. Overall, she said that the process was easy, but a long process, which was around a year.
Next, we wanted to get a sense of how much she goes back to Honduras and if she misses anything about Honduras. Since coming to the United States, she has gone back to Honduras four or five times. At first, she would go back to visit her parents and other family member. But since becoming an American citizen, she was able to request her parents to come live in the U.S. she said that this has made things easier, and has caused her not to want to go back to Honduras. She still has siblings in Honduras, but she doesn’t feel the impulse or need to go back to Honduras, because she has her parents here now. Massey talks about the importance of Kinship a social base of network migration and Mariana bringing her parents here is a good example of this. Massey discusses how family members are our closest ties and that is why it is one of the most popular network that fuels migration.
The last question we had for Mariana Lorenzana was if she feels American or more Honduran. She thought this was a good question, and we could tell it really made her think deeply. First, she jokingly said that her husband thinks she can be too American sometimes. But her answer was interesting. She said that she feels like both. Sometimes she feels very Honduran but other time she realizes that she has changed a lot since coming to the United States. She does feel that she has embraced American culture but that she has also brought her heritage with her. An example of this is when she spoke about her daughter coming home from college on break. She said that all her daughter wanted after coming home from college was rice and beans. This resonated with us because it shows that she has brought her heritage into the house and embraces it too. Mrs. Lorenzana said she felt a lot of joy when her daughter asked for rice and beans, because it means that she embraces her heritage and feels it’s a piece of who she is as well. This speaks to the experience of raising children as an immigrant, as well how the second generation creates their own identity, as discussed in the article “Becoming Ethnic or Becoming American,” by Min Zhou and Jennifer Lee. They point out the struggle that the second generation and their parents go through where they don’t want to lose their heritage, but feel pressure to be only one or the other (Honduran or American). However, many feel they connect to both as Mariana and her daughter feel.

Conclusion
Since Mariana Lorenzana has been here since 2004, we were curious to know how she saw Harrisonburg change over the years. She said that a lot had changed. There are more roads and streets. She also said that a lot more immigrants have come to the Harrisonburg area since she first arrived. She has seen more immigrants from not just Latin America but also Asia and the Middle East. She also said that there are more stores, where she can get the food she craves, and by this I think she means more stores that have Hispanic food. She appreciated that immigrants are bringing their heritage to Harrisonburg. She appreciates this because she tries to the same in her own house. Another change that she was excited about was that Harrisonburg schools have a bilingual program. She said, “kids are learning English and Spanish at the same time and I think that’s a plus that brings a lot to the community and it’s not that the Hispanic or taken over, it’s just we’re teaching the community to be open to new cultures, to new languages.” She was proud of this because she was one of the founders of the program when it was only in one school. Now the program is in every school in Harrisonburg, except for one. This goes to show how much Harrisonburg has changed and embraced the immigrant community.
Harrisonburg offered a welcoming, safe home for Mariana and her family and she has appreciated calling Harrisonburg her home. We share that same appreciation for Harrisonburg and how it has changed and how it has offered for us as a great place to get our education. We also truly appreciate the opportunity to listen to Mariana Lorenzana’s story and get to know her. It has shown us that immigration stories are different and listening to these stories helps us appreciate being American. The United States provides many immigrants with the opportunity of education, work, and safety and it was very humbling to listen to someone who can give us a first-hand view of an immigrant experience.

Anna : So we’ll start with um, when, and where were you born?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Date and years. I was born in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Did you say date?
Anna : You don’t have to…
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah, I was born in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Anna : Okay, and what was it like growing up?
Mrs. Lorenzana: I think it was kind of peaceful at that time and I remember taking public transportation, going to school and now if we do that it’s kind of dangerous, but it was, you know, free. And the only thing I regret is girls could not play soccer and I was a pretty fan of soccer and I couldn’t play because girls were not allowed during that time. Now it’s fine. Um, so people decided either you go to a public school, public school or not like this, like the ones in the state. Sometimes kind of hard, you know, because everybody goes there and sometimes can be lots of violence and my parents will not accept that. So. So it was peaceful and not the way it is now.
Anna : Um, when did you first come to the US?
Mrs. Lorenzana: My very first time was just right after high school, uh, I came to learn English and I have the chance to go to college. So they said you take this course and then you take a proficiency test and if you pass it then you can enter college. So for me that was my dream coming true because I always wanted to be a teacher and I had the chance of coming in and becoming one. So I did that. So I was able to go to college, graduated and then I went back home. That was the first time.
Anna : So you were here from about 18, 17, something like that?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah. And for like four or five years or five years.
Anna : Nice, and was your main motivation for coming to learn English education?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah, basically I wanted to learn English and I wanted it to be a teacher.
Anna : So, um, what happened next when you went back?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Then? I went back home and I got a job as a teacher at a bilingual school and I was happy. We got married and then we were invited by the Mennonite church to come and work with the Hispanic community. My husband is a minister, so it was a chance for us to plan churches and just basically to work with the Hispanic community. So we came up, basically it was, we thought maybe only three years we’d been 25 now after we get the kids. And so.
Anna : How old were you then when he came back to the US for the second time?
Mrs. Lorenzana: I came back, got married when I was 30, 31 I think.
Anna : OK Yeah.
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah. So I was an adult.
Anna : Um, so when you came back here, and your husband was preaching or?
Mrs. Lorenzana: We, we started as a youth pastor. See in the Hispanic churches is not as um, they don’t have that many people working full time. So he was the young, the young pastor and he functioned as an assistant pastor to this moment.
Anna : What were you doing during that time?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Just helping him because we didn’t have our permanent residency. We were just in the process of getting one, so I couldn’t work. I couldn’t drive. He had a driver’s license because he went to school, were in that area where we used to live that was in New Orleans, so I couldn’t drive, I couldn’t work. So I waited until I was enjoying just working with the kids and, and a church.
Anna: So at what point did you decide to become a permanent resident?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Well, we were, uh, we were invited, as I say, we were invited by the Gulf States Mennonite conference, something like that to be, I think it was a religious visa and then we were asked, would you like a permanent visa. We didn’t understand exactly what we’re saying and say, yeah. So we got the visa and, but the idea was to be here for three years. But then kids came along and our oldest son, he got asthma. So medical expenses were really high, almost $400 per month. And since he was adopted, the government paid for that. So we thought, what can we offer him? I mean going back home, we couldn’t afford it. Yeah, you know, his for his health and then we thought about education for them and how much we had the chance to have an education and we want to offer that to our children. So that’s how make us decide. Let’s go for the permanent resident.
Anna : So was that in the Harrisonburg area?
Mrs. Lorenzana: No no, that was Harrisonburg is our fourth place that we live and the longest.
Anna : So kind of take me through that journey.
Mrs. Lorenzana: We started, we came to New Orleans, we were there for I think three or four years and I was not working. We were just, I was helping my husband at church and just getting around and it’s not the same like I went to school in the north, all of north and, and then um, he was invited to open the church in El Paso, Texas. So we went to visit and we fell in love with the place. It was in the on the border with Mexico and we could go to Mexico if we wanted just to visit. So we moved there and that’s where we have our kids in El Paso. Um, and then we decided we were beginning, we were starting to get homesick and it was kind of far away traveling to Honduras from El Paso and they were not that many Hondurans there and just, we just began getting homesick and the kids now that we had the kids, we wanted them to be closer to home so he had an opening, there was an opening in Miami, so we went there and it was more like being in Latin America. However, I didn’t like the area because it’s too hectic, but I began teaching again in a bilingual school, so I really loved it, but I didn’t like the area and my husband always wanted to, uh, he always wanted to get a higher education. So he came to visit EMU and there was a chance for him to get his master’s degree. So we said why not? So let’s move. So we came with our two kids and we fell in love with the area and we’ve been here ever since. And for our children, this is home, Harrisonburg. It was a nice move.
Anna : How did you feel you were accepted here in Harrisonburg compared to other places and was there a community of people from Honduras here at all?
Mrs. Lorenzana: At first, not really. Not that many Hispanics that we met and we were not connected with any Hispanic churches because my husband was going into the seminary so it was mostly his classmates and going to church. And then I began working. I was working in the county my first two years. It was hard because I feel like I was not being accepted that well just because I was Hispanic. I even have comments of people saying, oh, but how come you, can you be a teacher when you were Hispanic? And I was like, why not? And people assume that my husband was an American because he was getting his master’s degree and I say how come a Hispanic can’t do that? So those two years were kind of hard trying to figure out because I never experienced that and after awhile you learn to deal with that. Then I got a job with Harrisonburg city school and I feel like this is where I belong because I was able to give back something to the community. Then I met others like me and I’ve never felt that discrimination from the administrators or the staff. Nothing. It’s like it’s me. Whether I have an accent, whether I looked different it is just me. One of the other teachers.
Anna: And, what year was it that you got to the Harrisonburg area?
Mrs. Lorenzana: We came 2004.
Anna : Okay, great. And how was it raising kids in this area?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Well, I will say Harrisonburg. Harrisonburg is total different than other places. We came from Miami and even though there were lots of Hispanics in the area, at some point it was not that safe. Having kids outside here. It’s such a great community. We live in the park view area. So for us having the kids outside playing on their own, riding their bikes, that was wonderful. That was great. It was, we felt like it was a safe place and a welcoming place and we never told the kids that, oh, you’re Hispanic, but we never mentioned that word because we didn’t want to feel them different than anybody else. And even though we made the rule at home only in Spanish, not English, they never questioned why. I mean, for them it was just natural.
Anna : Were there any norms that you saw in the U.S. that it took time to get used to or that you found kind of weird?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Um, the individualistic part sometime, even now it’s hard because we’re in a collectivism community. Everybody’s into everybody’s business. I’m probably that part in. It was interesting seeing how people treat us and I talk about the plural because I’m including my husband. We noticed when people knew we had some kind of education, people started treating us differently and it was that, wow, that’s as soon as we mentioned, Oh, you know, I’m a school teacher. Oh, okay. Oh, there were a couple of people at the beginning thinking, oh, so you were an assistant assuming that just because I was Hispanic, I couldn’t have. So that part. I remember one time my husband was mowing when the lawn and one of his coworkers drove by us, oh, so this is, you have a part time job. And I said, no, this is my house, this is where I live, just because he looks Hispanic. So that was kind of different and trying to learn to deal with that and, and helping our children to learn that they don’t have to react when people treat them differently. Um, Harrisonburg’s a nice place to be. It is, its a, it’s a great community and, but that was something we got to our attention why people treat us different when they know the education that we have.
Anna : Um, have you been back to Honduras? How many times?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Since I came to Harrisonburg?
Anna : Or I guess since the US.
Mrs. Lorenzana: Since the U.S. Not that many. Probably last time I was home was last year and after that it took me almost 10 years. So probably four or five the most that had been home.
Anna : And was it just to visit family and everything?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah, just a family. At first I wanted to go home because my parents lived there so I wanted mostly for my parents even though I got siblings back there, but then when we became Americans citizens, then I was able to request my parents so they came and lived with me and so that made it easier, not so urgent to go back home because I had my parents with me.
Anna : So when did you make the decision to naturalize?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Oh, our residency was going to expire. So basically that because it was pretty expensive, just changing the status. So we never, we always postpone it because we never had the money basically. So it was either becoming an American citizen or keeping keep it right in and say, you know, what, let’s go for the citizenship. And we did it and I’m glad we did. Especially now with this environment. Yeah, it’s pretty hard.
Anna : Uh, so what was that process like?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Ah, we, let me see if I remember of 10 years. You have to take a class and, and they asked me some questions. I think I, I bought a book and I studied on my own, the questions and just prepare for that. Then we had an interview separate, you know, my husband went side and me and you have to be ready, you know, they asked you about politics and they ask you about who are your Senators, your Congress. So I have to learn that. Don’t ask me now who they are because I can’t, I don’t remember and, but I knew, you know, the basic history, so that was not that bad, but it’s always so tension, know, so nervous going in and, to have that interview. However, I felt like they were really nice people. Very nice. In our interview, the only thing I regretted is I wanted to use my maiden name and they didn’t allow me to do that. They say no, that’s the last name. You cannot do that. And of course you know, you’re getting into the process. I didn’t feel free to fight for it because it’s like, okay, then they’re not going to give me my citizenship because I wanted to keep my own last name. And they say, no, you use only one last name, your name and last name. So, yeah, now it’s like, how come I didn’t fight for it? I mean now that I know, but during that process you don’t have so much of a choice. It’s like, okay, whatever you say, I’m going to do it because I’m in this process. Probably the, the people that helped me were being like that. But the interview, it wasn’t that bad. It was only five questions. If you pass the five questions, that’s it. And then you know, all the process, the fingerprint and going to the doctor and background check and everything. So it was a long process. I think now it’s harder. I think that’s what I heard and it was expensive. I can’t remember how much but almost a thousand dollars probably for each one of us.
Anna : How long did that process take from start to finish?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Probably no more than a year. No more than a year I think.
Anna: And how old were you then? What year was it?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Uh, I was in my forties.
Anna : Um, Evan?
Evan : Um so you first came to the, to the New Orleans area?
Mrs. Lorenzana: My very first time, no.
Evan : When you went, where did you go to school?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Seattle, Washington.
Evan : Nice, Seattle’s cool.
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah.
Anna : Um, how did you get the opportunity to study in the US? How did you find out about that?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Through my pastor. The church was a church connecting.
Anna : Um, I guess, what do you miss about Honduras the most?
Mrs. Lorenzana: What I miss? Know, it’s kind of hard because for me, if I have my family with me, I don’t miss anything. But what I miss about Honduras is that friendship for example, this time of the year. Oh, it’s the best going home because everywhere you go it’s music. There’s music and just feel the Christmas spirit that here we don’t and that part, the friendship. Having lots of my friends in always getting together because here you’re busy and we’ve been very lucky for having good friends, good people. We have met good people, but we’re always busy.
Evan : So the first. So after you went back, after coming from school, you went back to Honduras and then you said your husband got a job in New Orleans. Okay. Um, how’d you like the New Orleans area or it was like…
Mrs. Lorenzana: I didn’t like it at all. So we were there only for 3 years. It’s kind of gloomy and I don’t know, just, you know, Mardi Gras. I was not into that. Now, the food is good. I mean there were a lot of visitors but I was not really so excited make New Orleans my home. I know it was just temporary compared to El Paso and here. Those have been my best places.
Evan : And how’d you uh, was the reception in New Orleans? Like, when you first came did you see differences in the reception between New Orleans and like El Paso or Miami?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Every place that I’ve been, even though there are some Hispanic, since Hispanic is such a broad, you know, culture and, and, and in New Orleans there were a lot of Hondurans and we spent most of the time with the people at Church. My last year that I was there, I began working in a public school, so that’s I feel like I have. That’s the first time I experienced the American culture and it wasn’t that bad. I was taken well, of course you know when you have an education and you have a degree, people respect you. So, we learned that. I don’t know how we can sense that the people start treating you differently just because you have a bachelor’s degree, you have a master’s degree. The other day my daughter was telling me, I always remember you always saying when you go to the store, just try to look nice because I always tell her, you know, people are going look at you like, oh, look at that sloppy Hispanic and now with this environment people treat you differently. And, and you know, one of my kids, my son, my son, sometimes he looks more really Hispanic, dark complexion, black hair, and he has felt some people treating him differently. Just the way he looked. Even though he was born here. Both of my kids were born back there. I just remember one incident in New Orleans my first day at school. Um, I went pretty early and one of the teachers. Really Nice Lady. She came and greet me and say, Oh, you’re the new custodian here. Just assuming because I was Hispanic and I say, no, I’m the new bilingual teacher. So you know, things like that, incidents like that I had experience. But you learn, you learn this, not me with the problem is the other one that doesn’t understand. So New Orleans is, I didn’t like the area that much, no particular reasons. Just El Paso. We really enjoyed because we were able to go to Mexico and get some of the food, spicy food and beans and the cheese and you know, at that time we just drove by and went to those expensive restaurants and they will not that expensive because we were paying in dollars and just the whole culture. It was a nice, nice place.
Evan : So in El Paso, did you have permanent residence while you were in El Paso.
Mrs. Lorenzana: Yeah, yeah, well yeah.
Evan : So it was pretty easy to go over the border and come back?
Mrs. Lorenzana: During that time, that was, my daughter’s 18. Yeah. 18. Almost 20 years ago. All you had to do is show you a green card, drive by. That’s fine. Sometimes they just. Do you live here or are you an American citizen or say no, we’re just permanent residents. Okay. Just go. That was that easy. That the trust that people now probably is not that easy. I don’t know. I haven’t been there in 20 years. Yeah. But it was a neat experience just being able to go to two different countries.
Anna : How have you seen Harrisonburg particularly changed from when you got here?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Oh, a lot. A lot more streets, you know, more new roads and more immigrants. I think a lot of immigrants, not just Hispanic, um, Asians and from the Middle East during that time and more stores and now it’s easy for me, whatever I’m craving that I have, you know, from home all I have to go to one store and I get it a little bit more expensive, but I get it. So in that way for like, oh, they’re bringing a little piece of my country here and I want my own children to experience that. My daughter just came from college. And what do you want to eat? Oh, just make me some beans, mom. So like I was, I was, you know, it means a lot to me because like wow. So she’s bringing that, because I don’t want them to lose their heritage. I wanted to keep it and, but at the same time they are Americans, so they need to experience what this culture brings. So it’s a mixture. Yeah. What else? Yeah, the um, the school in the school system now we have a bilingual program. Now it’s in every single school in Harrisonburg cities, except one. We have the bilingual program, kids are learning English and Spanish at the same time and I think that’s a plus that brings a lot to the community and it’s not that the Hispanic or taken over, it’s just we’re teaching the community to be open to new cultures, to new languages. I’ve never been in Europe, but you know, people speak lots of languages. Uh, my husband and I are fan of soccer, so we’re always listening to this European soccer. And like, were so impressed that a lot of them, they speak two, three, four languages and, and, and you listened to like, wow. So hopefully, you know, it will change the whole mentality of not because you’re white, you’re better than someone else. Yeah.
Evan : So within the school and do all of the kids go through the bilingual program?
Mrs. Lorenzana: No, no, they, it’s an, it’s an optional thing.
Anna : Do most people opt in?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Um, it’s probably more and more people wanted to get into the program. When we started 10 years ago, uh, it was a waiting list. I used to teach at Smithland, so I was there 14 years and I started that. I was one of the people, to choose to start the program. So kids drove from different places just to get into the program. Now you go and you don’t have to travel. I mean you don’t have to, you, you can be in your own district and you find a bilingual program. And I think the first group, it’s probably seventh or eighth grade, the first group that started. So more and more people are getting more used to and eh, it’s neat seeing like in parent teacher conference or, and PTO activities, that interaction is not the white or the Hispanic is just parents come into school, kids learning a different language no matter what language it is, it’s just they’re kids. So in that sense, I see a change. You find more Hispanic churches or other cultures. I don’t know what other cultures will be, but you know, that brings more respect to diversity.
Evan : Um, so it sounds like the, uh, the Methodist Church was a big organization that helped…
Mrs. Lorenzana: Mennonite church.
Evan : Excuse me. But it sounds like they had like a very influential part of your immigration story.
Mrs. Lorenzana: Probably, yeah, I will say. Yeah.
Evan : Would you say that, um, it’s like the biggest organization that, um, that helped you connect more than Harrisonburg and um, or were there any other organizations within Harrisonburg that kind of helped you get more comfortable with living here?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Since my husband, a Mennonite minister, probably I will say so, EMU plays a big role because both of us graduated from there. So EMU has special heart especially, you know, part in our heart and probably, you know, the connection. You may people you met there, they’re friends for life. I was telling my kids the friends that you’re making there are for life, you know, those friends, that mentor. So I would say probably the Mennonite church. Um, yeah, EMU, EMU and Harrisonburg city schools in my personal case, because I’ve been teaching here since we came.
Evan : Were there, I think you said this, but there weren’t that many Hondurans in Harrisonburg when you first came?
Mrs. Lorenzana: I think I didn’t know them because I was so involved in the EMU community, so I was not involved that much with now it’s easy, so much easier just to connect with because of the parents and at that time, not that much. We were new in the area, and it takes a while now I feel like this is home for me. I feel that I’m part of this and yeah.
Anna : Do you have anything to add?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Thanks for doing this. I feel like you guys want to educate the community and it’s not a matter of a race or where are you from it is just a person and some people are so caught up on how you look and that will determine who you are and it’s not just one, you know, to bring something good to this. Because we had Americans back home. People decided to move back home. And our faith brings us here. So I know there was a purpose for us to be here and which I want to be the best and help and I always tell our kids, don’t look at the color of the skin. Look at the heart. In fact, yesterday we were talking with my daughter and say, you’re going to marry someone that has a good heart. That’s all we’re asking. Good heart don’t look at…I don’t care what color the person will be, but I’ve learned to say that it’s not easy. You know, at first you were so prejudice even for me thinking, my kids are going marry an American. They’re going to change, no. So I’ve learned that it’s not whether they’re Americans or Hispanic it is just about who they are. My son married an American, but Victoria, I don’t see as different. I mean besides the language it’s learning, but yeah.
Anna : Thank you.
Evan : I thought it was interesting how you said, uh, people seem to kind of be nicer or maybe pay more attention to you when they found your education background. Is that you think just a U.S. Thing or have you seen that back in Honduras?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Oh, uh, probably everywhere, everywhere, everywhere. And probably we feel it more because the tension there is in the environment now that I remember when we were thinking about starting to dual program, there was an article or an interview, I cannot remember the exact thing, but um in the news that we’re thinking about bringing Spanish into education and so many comments of ignorant people. I’m sorry for the word ignorant people, but you know, our languages, English, they’re not going to learn English and all of this. And I remember one particular comment people saying, but send those cockroaches back home, back to Mexico and it’s like, I’m not from Mexico. So you know, those comments really hurt and I’m not saying that all immigrants are the greatest people. But anywhere you go and getting back to your point, I found a, we found it here, not so much of a tension whether you have a degree or not. Like for us, when my husband went to the seminary and people started calling their first name to the teacher, like, oh, you don’t call the doctor. So for us was, it was a shock because back home you have to call someone Dr. so and so or Mr so and so. And here you could call them by their names. That was a shock for us and say, Oh this is neat. And in we don’t know if it’s the mennonite community, that EMU community that was so relaxing and friendly and welcoming. Or it’s just Harrisonburg. I mean so, but you can tell people treat you different. And I don’t know if everybody feels the same way. If they know, Oh, you got a degree also, so we’re big on education, for my husband. We push education, and our daughter now just started college at Mary Washington.
Evan : Mary Washington’s a big education school, so.
Mrs. Lorenzana: I gave up, I wanted her to attend EMU. They said mom it is so close to home and when my, my husband used to work there so my kids were little so they used to be in EMU the time. So they grew up there. They need a break and like, so I’m glad she picked one that is not that far away and yeah, it’s been good. I heard good things and she’s excited for whatever she’s going to study at Mary Washington is close by and she can do some internship or whatever. I didn’t want JMU because it’s too big. It’s still thinking like, no, I can’t do that. Even though I heard good things, but I don’t know. That was my mom’s side of it.
Evan : Um, another question, um, with 2016 being a big election, did you see any kind of differences after that? Or Harrisonburg kind of been more of a vacuum and stayed friendly and a better place or…?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Um, that’s an…I just feel like now it’s kind of hard talking about politics even with your friends because you don’t know who they are. You think they believe like you, but they don’t. In fact, one of my best friends here at school, we’re good friends, but we don’t talk about politics because once we start talking about politics, there was not a common point. So we decided, you know, that not even mentioned. Not even say that I went to vote. Nothing. That’s not part of our relationship because it’s hard. We don’t think about things the same. And I think it’s been harder now with this last election. People are more intense and I don’t know why we just feel there was more tension. We just feel like we have got to be careful now. I don’t know why, but even speaking Spanish in public, I never thought about it, but now it’s like I’m kind of concerned because you don’t know how people are going to react. I was offended when they say Mexicans were criminals because even though I’m not Mexican, I’m Hispanic, I’m one of them and I say I’m not a criminal. That was really hurting me. And just so you know, when you hear those negative comments, it really hurts. It does, because you cannot judge people just by the way they look or how they speak.
Evan : So you said you’ve called Harrisonburg home. Would you say that you feel American or, uh, you still feel more Honduran?
Mrs. Lorenzana: Um, that’s a good one, that a good one. Sometime my husband thinks I’m too American. I will say both. I think we both, what’s the word you acculturate, right? Is that the word acculturation? I think. It’s when you embrace the new culture and it becomes part of you, but you still bring your heritage. Um, it depends. Sometimes. Sometimes I feel like I’m still very Honduran and there are times I feel like I’m, well look how much I have changed. Especially going back home and after 10 years being away, you know, here you are in a restaurant and you don’t like something you can say I don’t like it, it’s not what I ordered and you’ll be fine most of the time. Back home is like, you eat it fine. And um, I have to remind myself like I don’t like to waste food. And I think here we waste so much food here and I think I bring that spending part of me like I cannot waste, especially food. It’s insane how much they waste. Yeah. That’s good. Yeah.

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