Interview with "María"
*Names have been changed throughout this analysis and transcript
Introduction
On November 11, I conducted an interview to a relative, María. I’ve known María since I was born, and she has taught me more things that I could even remember. Going into this project and interview, I knew part of María’s immigration story, but I felt scared and intimidated because her story is so awesome that I wanted to tell it as good as possible. In the interview, we discuss her reason to migrate, why she chose the United States and Miami, Florida specifically, the process of how she moved from Venezuela to the United States, and some memories and stories that she had throughout the migration.
Methodology
I conducted the interview via Zoom and recorded the audio on my phone as a backup. Before the interview, I knew some of the María’s story and used that knowledge to write the questions. I send them to her so she could be fully prepared and feel comfortable throughout the interview. She was in her mom’s house in Miami, and I was in my bedroom in Harrisonburg when the interview was conducted. At the beginning, there was some awkwardness between both of us because the interview was so professional but we both knew each other since ever. When I first learned that I had to interview an immigrant, I thought to interview my best friend since she moved from Caracas, Venezuela to Miami, Florida and is not seeking her green card. However, I realized that María has a more interesting story and better for the purposes of this assignment.
I think the fact that I knew María beforehand, and her story helped me formulate the right questions for this assignment. Since we know each other for a long time, it helped her to feel more comfortable once we started the interview and to tell her story how she would tell it to a friend. In addition, she also knows my story and all the countries that I have migrated to so she might have felt comfortable talking to me since I have been in her situation.
Her story
María used to live in a city named Valencia which is two hours away from the capital of Venezuela. She lived with her husband and her son, Alejandro. At her 42 years old, she decided to move from Venezuela to improve her and her family’s quality of life. The reason why she took this decision was because Venezuela was very insecure for them to live there.
“There were a lot of robberies. There was a very close death, which made me make the decision. Since I have a son who at that time was a teenager, I was very afraid that he would go out with friends that… To be on the street, to go to the movies. I was very afraid because that was what was being experienced at that time in Venezuela.”
Her mother is Cuban and lives in Miami, Florida, and her father is Spanish, so she had both nationalities and also the Venezuelan nationality. At first, she tried her luck and migrated to Spain. The reason to do this was because she was trying to find a visa to get into the United States. However, it did not work, and she decided to go back to Venezuela. She discussed in the interview her visa situation and the frustration on how difficult was to be admitted in the country:
“First, I went to Spain. For a while, because my mom is Cuban, but even if my mom was Cuban, I didn’t have… I didn’t have the visa, I applied for the visa, and they didn’t give it to me. So, it was kind of like… Now how do I do it?”
Her last option was to move to Cuba for several month and then go to the United States with the Cuban Adjustment Act if 1996 or “pies secos, pies mojados” Act. This policy allowed Cubans that have already put a foot in the U.S. to pursue residency a year later. She told me how difficult migrating was for her and how she felt:
“. . . it was like uncertainty about not knowing. . . What. . . What I was going to face, because I always made the decision to live in a different country, where your family is not there, well of course, my mom is here, but still, friends, part of the family, everything was already in Venezuela.”
After getting to the United States, she had to spend more than 27 hours in the border while the officers checked that all her documentation was legit. While she was there, her mom was waiting for her outside the border. She explained that she was in a room with other people while she waited, and she felt that it was the longest hours of her life.
“. . . think that was the hardest part. For not knowing the exact time it was going to take me, for not knowing how I was going to do at the entrance, because I knew it was going to be a long process. Well, it actually lasted 27 hours. Not knowing. You’re like today in a spinning thread that you know, you don’t have the security. Of everything. When are you going to see him again. In this case my son.”
After all that process, she explained that all the effort was worth it. She was going to give her son, and her family a better opportunity of life and more freedom. This is considered a benefit labor-based migration because it gives a better life, freedom, and connections to the immigrant.
“I made the decision to come was because of the insecurity that was being experienced in Venezuela, but also because my mom is already an elderly person and I wanted to be able to be here with her too and be able to have the freedom to enter and leave.”
In the migration process, there is different cost that the immigrants have to go through. One of them is the physical cost, which in this case it means that the family had to use their savings to buy the airplane tickets, to rent a house, and other expenses. Fortunately, her husband and son who were already in the United States were looking into houses to rent and they prepared beforehand for this physical costs.
“Months before, we already knew that we had to give almost three months of deposit. We already came with savings from Venezuela. We sold the cars, sold several things. We arrived a little prepared for all this, but of course, every beginning is always very difficult.”
Another cost in the migration process is social costs. What this means in the cost-of-living family and friends behind while the person or family migrates to another country. María discussed some of her memories and how was to live her entire life in the same city with the same people.
“My whole family, memories with my grandparents, with my friends, uh… All my childhood, my school, I studied at a school from preschool to high school that I graduated. I have very good friends because you imagine, your whole life studying at the same school, going to the same places, frequenting my friends’ houses.”
Once she made to the U.S. and started her life as immigrant, she started working in jobs that were not related to what she did in Venezuela. She was a teacher back in Valencia, and her first job in Miami was in a park and then she found a job as a teacher. I was curious on how the language affected her throughout the process and she explained to me:
“Yeah, well, always, obviously it’s not the language we grew up with. But, but I did courses. I understand it quite well. I speak it. Maybe not as perfect as it should be, but yes, I defend myself, of course, with the passing of time you adapt your ear more.”
In sociology, what María described was one of the seven sequential stages of assimilation discussed by Milton Gordon, acculturation. Acculturation includes adapting to the language of the country that the person migrated to. The second stage is structural which in María case was entering a new neighborhood with new people. The third stage is marriage outside the person’s nationality but is does not apply to María since she was married when she migrated. The fourth stage of assimilation is identification which is feeling bonded to the dominant culture. In María’s case, she talked about one very specific cultural celebration that Americans celebrate, thanksgiving.
“They have other celebrations. At least now that thanksgiving is coming, which I love, I love that tradition, it fascinates me, I think it is something very beautiful and I think it is one of the most celebrated traditions here in America and I think the action i
s very beautiful, which is to give thanks.”
In the cultural aspect, I asked her if she saw or experienced any difference between Venezuelan and American culture. In her case, she lives in a neighborhood where most of the people are Latinos and Miami is known as a city where the population is mainly Latino. However, she mentioned the differences between how Venezuelan people and American people raised their child.
“I think that we inVenezuela or we as a Venezuelan, are more familiar, we are more dependent. Dependents in what sense? That you’re always with your family, even if you don’t suddenly live with your mom or dad, there’s always this union, always. I mean, that’s pretty much what I see.”
After six years of living in the United States, she started the process called naturalization. This process is to seek citizenship is the United States. She is hoping to get her citizenship soon and continue to live a life where she and her family can be free and feel safe.
Interview to María
Michelle [00:00:03] Hello! Good morning, well good afternoon, how are you?
María [00:00:10] Hello, good afternoon.
Michelle [00:00:13] Well, Maria, if you want to start the interview already, as you prefer. Tell me, what is your nationality?
María [00:00:25] Well, my nationality is Venezuelan.
Michelle [00:00:29] Ok.
María [00:00:29] I was born in Venezuela.
Michelle [00:00:31] And do you have only Venezuelan nationality?
María [00:00:34] No, I have Spanish nationality because of my father and Cuban nationality because of my mother.
Michelle [00:00:42] Ok. And you grew up in Venezuela then?
María [00:00:46] Yes, in Venezuela.
Michelle [00:00:47] And now you're living in?
María [00:00:53] In Miami. Miami, Florida.
Michelle [00:00:55] Okay. What was it like to live in Venezuela, what was it to be raised there and spend all the years you spent there?
María [00:01:02] Well, Venezuela, good, all right, there was always this one... There was an emm... All right in terms of education, as for the liberty of being able to go out, being able to go for a walk, it was good.
Michelle [00:01:42] And do you have any important memories of when you used to live there?
María [00:01:52] Well, my family. My whole family, memories with my grandparents, with my friends, uh... All my childhood, my school, I studied at a school from preschool to high school that I graduated. I have very good friends because you imagine, your whole life studying at the same school, going to the same places, frequenting my friends' houses. From my relatives, because we lived in... In a city that is two and a half hours from Caracas, where... Where my whole family lived. But we frequented Caracas a lot to visit the family and... and there was never that separation, but we always used to go on important dates or for any weekend, we were always together.
Michelle [00:03:04] Okay, um... And at what age did you decide to move to the United States?
María [00:03:13] Well, I had to... That was already six years ago. Right. I have now... (thinking) Yes, at 42 years old, at 42 years old.
Michelle [00:03:31] And then you came from Valencia, from your place...
María [00:03:35] From Valencia, yes.
Michelle [00:03:37] And what was the reason you decided to emigrate?
María [00:03:40] Because of the insecurity, which was being... Well, at this point we were living... There were a lot of robberies. There was a very close death, which made me make the decision. Since I have a son who at that time was a teenager, I was very afraid that he would go out with friends that... To be on the street, to go to the movies. I was very afraid because that was what was being experienced at that time in Venezuela. So, well, nothing, we decided to send him here first because my mom lives here, she has already eighteen years living here, and we sent him first. To here, to the United States.
Michelle [00:04:38] Okay. And were you happy or were you afraid of that change? How were the feelings in the process?
María [00:04:44] Well, I couldn't call it happiness or that I was sad, it was like uncertainty about not knowing... What... What I was going to face, because I always made the decision to live in a different country, where your family is not there, well of course, my mom is here, but still, friends, part of the family, everything was already in Venezuela. It was like something... That uncertainty, it was uncertainty of not knowing what I am going to work on now, what is going to happen, what the entry process is going to be like. All that.
Michelle [00:05:31] Okay. And when you migrate, did you migrate alone or migrate with someone else, with your husband or with some other family member?
María [00:05:41] Well, as I was saying, my son came first. Right? We sent him first. Then me. First, I went to Spain. For a while, because my mom is Cuban, but even if my mom was Cuban, I didn't have... I didn't have the visa, I applied for the visa, and they didn't give it to me. So, it was kind of like... Now how do I do it? I'm going to Spain. I... I stay there for a while. I had a job. All this to have the opportunity to apply for a visa there in Spain. Of course, as a Spaniard there is also the permit, which is not the visa, but the ESTA. But obviously, since I had already been denied a visa in Venezuela, the ESTA did not approve it, then I applied for the visa, and they did not approve it either. So, well, I have been consulting a lawyer and he told me well… I had already had years before... This was in 2015... In 2013, I had registered as a Cuban at the Cuban consulate back in Caracas, Venezuela. I had registered as a Cuban's daughter. So, they do the registration at the Cuban consulate and well, that part was done. So well, when I'm in Spain what happens this, that he refuses me a visa. The lawyer told me: “well, we still have another option.” Go to Cuba and become a Cuban citizen, back in Cuba you apply for your passport and all this and well, that's what I did. I went to Cuba, I remember it was a December 5th, the same, with a lot of uncertainty because I had not... I had never been to Cuba, my mother even though she was born there, she was taken as a child to Venezuela. She didn't know Cuba either. We knew we had relatives, but no, I didn't know them physically. And well, it was also a lot of uncertainty about not knowing what I was going to face, what people I was going to be with, all this, but good. Thank God everything.
Michelle [00:08:34] How good! Wow!
María [00:08:35] It went well.
Michelle [00:08:37] The process is a lot then.
María [00:08:39] Yeah, well, that's where the process was done. I had to make some documents, where... Like a relative taking care of my stay there in Cuba, where I had to reside somewhere to... So, I could request everything that was required to get the passport and all that. The nationality...
Michelle [00:09:16] Okay, so when you went to Cuba, how long did you spend there? How was the process in Cuba as such?
María [00:09:25] Well, I was in Cuba for almost 4 months. Nothing, first a document was made, the one I told you about, like... I was at my mom's first cousin's house, where he took care of me, right. Then we ask for the identity document, which is the ID or the card, in this case Venezuelan, the identity document is requested and at the same time we apply for the passport. So... Nothing, we submit it, of course all this, my grandparents' birth certificates, my mom's birth certificates with my mom's passport, with all my documents, birth certificates, all this. Well, nothing was requested in an alien office there. And well, like every process it took... it took like three months for me to get my passport. And then, after that, when my passport arrived, already there, I could get out of there. I could get out now so I could get in here.
Michelle [00:11:09] And the process in Cuba. In your opinion, did you consider it long or more or less did you have the idea that it would last that period of time?
María [00:11:19] Yeah, well, I don't... It was uncertain how long the passport process would take. For me it was, it was eternal. They were days that lasted 48 hours because I didn't know, they didn't give me an exact date. You know that in our countries, there is always no exact date. I had to go every week, ask. And well, that was very... I mean, it took a long time for me. It was days, long days.
Michelle [00:12:06] Okay, and how did you get into the United States after that? I mean, was there a law at the time or something that allowed you to enter as a Cuban or how does that process work?
María [00:12:20] Yeah, well, here in America there was a law that's been taken away, called “Pies Secos, Pies Mojados,” (Dry Feet, Wet Feet) which means... Obviously I wasn't going to enter by sea, because it wasn't my case, but even when you step on, that is, you can enter through a border point, in this case it was through Mexico, you can enter through a border point and once you cross that line you're already inside the United States, having not yet done migration, you're already inside. So, that law as a Cuban tuck you up, used to tucked you up, because no longer, that law was taken away. So, well, once I entered, and once inside, a process begins where they verify all the documentation you bring. Well, my mom actually went to Mexico, received me in Mexico, in the part of Mexico. And then, we crossed a border point. She obviously, she's an American citizen, she came in where the citizens come in. I went through another door, then a whole review process began there. They check everything, see if you bring anything illegal, they take your fingerprints. They ask you everything thoroughly. What nationalities do you have, where you were born, where you came from, all this. If they have any ties to the government, in this case I came from Cuba. Well, we already know the regime there is. That if I had any ties to the government in Cuba, then well, that was a very long process. It lasted 27 hours that I was detained there, so to name it. I was detained and all that time, of course, my mom was there on the side of the United States and that was very positive, because they verified that my papers weren't fake. Because, because that process lends itself a lot to forging documents, because it is very easy, it was very easy with that law for them to forge Cuban documents. Well, when they were there, they saw that the documents were reliable.
Michelle [00:15:33] Okay, wow. Quite the process, isn't it?
María [00:15:36] Yeah, it's a long process. Also, in those 27 hours they were also super long.
Michelle [00:15:44] I imagine.
María [00:15:44] Very long. And of course, with the uncertainty again of not knowing what decision they are going to make. Because. It was something that I didn't, I didn't know for sure, I didn't know that get out of Cuba was going to tuck me in, because remember that I also have a Spanish nationality.
Michelle [00:16:15] Of course.
María [00:16:16] That was my fear.
Michelle [00:16:20] But hey, in the end everything went well, and they let you in, so...
María [00:16:24] Yes, thank God. I am, very grateful. That law, that law of dry feet wet feet has already been taken away. Well, that law was taken away. I entered in March 2016, that was the Barack Obama administration, he took away that law before he left the presidency. Then... I was almost on the hairline.
Michelle [00:17:00] Okay, and when you came in, your first choice always was to live in Miami because of your mom or were you thinking about living somewhere else?
María [00:17:08] Yes, always, of course my decision, apart from when you asked me what was the decision... So why I made the decision to come was because of the insecurity that was being experienced in Venezuela, but also because my mom is already an elderly person and I wanted to be able to be here with her too and be able to have the freedom to enter and leave. In this case, I am here now to be able to go to Spain, to be able to go to Venezuela, to be able to visit my family. But that was another reason why I came here.
Michelle [00:18:00] And then, when you were already in America, your son was also staying with your mom. You went to stay with them?
María [00:18:14] Yeah, we stayed at my mom's for a while and then... Oh, well, my husband was here too. Then we rented an apartment and well... Start working, start living here. Alejandro, my son, was studying high school and well, nothing, start working.
Michelle [00:18:48] And when you arrived or well, earlier when you were in the whole process in Cuba, what were your expectations of the United States? What did you expect?
María [00:19:02] Well, being able to have the freedom to work on what... well to be able to get there doing anything. First, I worked in a park. I really like the decor. I was in charge of the whole part of the decoration, did everything that was the decoration, I took care of the shopping, I took care of the general operation, I cleaned houses. Everything, everything that came out, there I was.
Michelle [00:19:52] Good!
María [00:19:53] Well, after that, I'm a senior technician in preschool education. After I went to find out, I certified my degree with my grades, here in the United States. Thank God. What I studied in Venezuela could be revalidated as if I had studied my career here, then well, with that I started working. And well, things changed a little bit in terms of the work part.
Michelle [00:20:42] And well, obviously the language was different and in all the jobs, obviously Miami has a lot of Latino population, but I imagine working in preschool, English was part of the process. How did you adapt to that? Have you adapted to that or are you still adapting?
María [00:21:07] Yeah, well, always, obviously it's not the language we grew up with. But, but I did courses. I understand it quite well. I speak it. Maybe not as perfect as it should be, but yes, I defend myself, of course, with the passing of time you adapt your ear more. Work demands are teaching you a little bit more. Well, nothing, no. For me, English has not been a barrier. I mean, if I don't know something, I make myself understand the same and look for a way, if I get stuck with a word, but the truth that hasn't been... And well, that helps a lot in the area where I am, that there are many Venezuelans too, here in this part of Miami. So that helps a little too. And well, and it seems curious, but the same parents at the school where I worked, the same parents say, “I don't want them to speak English to my kids,” because of course, English will always be learned. I taught the two-year-old. So, parents always said, “I don't want them to speak English to them, I don't want them to speak English,” so well, that did make it a little easier for me. Dads always want, of course, for children it is better to speak both languages, it is more beneficial.
Michelle [00:22:58] And you think they wanted you to speak to them in Spanish, more than anything so they wouldn't lose like that part of their culture?
María [00:23:06] Yes, yes, definitely, yes, undoubtedly. Um.
Michelle [00:23:12] And well, the same thing with, I imagine that Alejandro, your son, and your husband, it took them a while to learn the language, like seeing them and living with them, what was the process like for them?
María [00:23:25] Well, for Alejandro, I think it's easier because he got to study while he was in high school. And well, and everything, yes, in English. Although the friends, most of them are also Venezuelans.
Michelle [00:23:57] And when they arrived, your husband and Alejandro arrived. How was the search for a place to live? Because I guess you didn't have... They had a certain range to spend, and Miami is obviously expensive. How was that process?
María [00:24:19] Well, we came ready because we already knew. Months before, we already knew that we had to give almost three months of deposit. We already came with savings from Venezuela. We sold the cars, sold several things. We arrived a little prepared for all this, but of course, every beginning is always very difficult. At first, we didn't have furniture, we didn't have a mattress to sleep on. My mom, always there. Present. From friends always, there is always a hand that helps you. And good.
Michelle [00:25:24] Sure, I guess having your mom there was a plus.
María [00:25:29] Yes, of course.
Michelle [00:25:33] Okay, well, and back to Venezuela, Cuba, Spain. What was it like to live in those countries? I mean, obviously you lived in Venezuela much longer than you did in Cuba and in Spain. But what were the differences? The culture, the food, the people? Everything is different I imagine, tell me more about that.
María [00:25:56] Well, in the year 2002 we went to live in Spain, we stayed there for two years. Because anyways my brother left with the wife, the kids, my dad also with my sister, with his wife, we were there two years, but... But no, as it did not meet our expectations as to the economic side, it was very difficult. It's much harder in Spain than it is here. So, well, we decided to go back to Venezuela. Well, in one's country, you develop, actually I worked in a school. I mean, your normal life, we have our house, our car, our whole life. In Venezuela right now, well, it was the insecurity part. And economic insecurity, because there is also and personal insecurity, a lot of crime. Well, when we decided to come there was a lot of food shortages. There was a lot of political revolts and yeah, good.
Michelle [00:27:37] And did you come back a lot after arriving in the United States, did you come back to Venezuela or Spain a lot to visit your family?
María [00:27:46] Well, actually I went to Spain in the year... I arrived here in 2016. I returned to Spain again in 2019 because my dad was there, and part of my family and I went. It was the first time I left since I had entered the United States. He was amazing because you see your family, you see your friends. There are many people, many friends who have gone to live in Spain. Then it was like a reunion. It was the first time I got out of here. It was very exciting, I liked it a lot because of course, I was a few days of vacation and well, and at Christmas, and everything was excellent. Then, I went back to Spain this year. And then... Moreover, I have about a month since I returned from Venezuela. I hadn't returned to Venezuela after I left, after six years, I hadn't come back. Eh... I found it on the crime side, I found it better, I found my city a little cleaner. There is no longer any shortage of food. Obviously, you have to have money because if you don't have money you can't buy what maybe for many people can't in Venezuela, with the situation that is being experienced. Everything is dollarized. Nothing, almost nothing is in bolivars. I mean, they give you the price, and it's in the dollar. But I felt calmer. I didn't feel threatened by the crime side. Valencia was cleaner, which is the city where I still have my house. Well, I liked it because imagine, after six years, seeing my friends, my family again. I mean, although many have left, most of them are in Spain. But it was very exciting, it was awesome, it was amazing.
Michelle [00:30:21] I imagine. And you have some anecdotes from Cuba or Spain that you always when you see your family again, you remember it, or Venezuela, something that the whole family always talks and laughs and is typical of family reunions.
María [00:30:41] Well, in Cuba I loved Cuba. I was fascinated by Cuba. I think if I had known that everything was going to turn out the way it went well, I think I would have enjoyed more than I enjoyed. It is very culturally rich. The theater... In the house where I stayed. Em… There are two dancers, professional dancers and obviously I really like what dance is, what music is. All that part and Cuba is very rich in the cultural part. As for musicals, in terms of dance, as for ballet it is very, very, very rich. I even went to the theater sometimes, even three times a week, to the theater because there was a ballet or a musical. I learned the route of the buses very fast. I moved like I had lived my whole life in Cuba. On the part of, well... Anecdotes was to connect on the Internet. That I had to go to a specific place where there was signal and very expensive, very expensive. So, I can stay in touch with my family. I had to walk quite a bit to be able to communicate. I always went on the side of the Malecón (pier), there was like a point where there was a sign and then you saw everyone looking for a place on the stairs, anywhere, on any dead or close to the boardwalk. I remember that once there was a lot, a lot of breeze and the waves got inside the boardwalk and they wet me all because there was a very big wave and we all ran out. That was a lot of fun. I loved it. And well, the truth is that in Cuba I had a great time, they treated me excellent. Very humble, very beautiful people, who today are from the family that one chooses.
Michelle [00:33:29] And in Cuba, I've heard, I've never been to Cuba. I've always wanted to. But is there a difference between being a tourist and being a resident? Because for example, when you come here to the United States, you don't differentiate between a tourist and a resident. Everyone has the same rights; they have the same Wi-Fi and have the same places to eat. Is it the same or is it different in Cuba?
María [00:33:58] It's cutting a little bit, I don't know why...
Michelle [00:34:02] My Internet, probably. That I have never been to Cuba, but I have been told that there is a lot of difference between the tourist and the resident. Did you notice that difference like that separation or was it like normal for you?
María [00:34:22] Um, I think last year it was yes, but I was going with that expectation, I was super afraid because they told me not to talk, don't say no, no, no, no, this, not that. I mean, I went with like this expectation that where am I going? How will they treat me? I don't know what to say, I don't know what to talk about. I mean, I was... In fact, I have an anecdote that was very funny because I didn't know my mom's cousin, who was going to meet me at the airport. He went with his wife to find me, that I didn't know them, and they didn't know me either. He was as is, with a sign with my name and I went with a picture of him because I had never seen him. So, I... The plane was late from Madrid. And well, and when I get there, I see him, that he has his sign with my name, of course I was in terrible fear and the wife later, after days I knew that she had a nervous tick in her eye. So, I was wondering... This was really funny because she asked me are you hungry? And she makes me like this (he winked), and I said Oh, she winked at me, and I thought... Maybe I say I do, but that I don't have? I didn't know. She asked me, are you sleepy? And we were in a car that they requested the service from a friend of theirs who had a car that they came to pick me up. Are you sleepy? And she winked at me, and I was like... Oh, my God, what do I have to say? And you come tired? And she continued, all the time, winked at me, winked at me. And then it was later that I knew that she had like a facial paralysis and her eye was like that tick. Ay! And I said Oh, my God! And I was all scared, I didn't know. I didn't know if I should talk or if I shouldn't talk. No, I didn't know anything, nothing. Well then...
Michelle [00:36:58] Well, at least now you know she wasn't winking at you, but was a part of her.
María [00:37:04] Yes, that's right.
Michelle [00:37:07] Well, when you did the whole process of going to Cuba, of moving to the United States, of everything you experienced, what do you think was the hardest thing?
María [00:37:22] The stay in Cuba, but not the stay itself, but because of the... First, I had a lot of time without seeing my family. Especially my son. It was the first time I'd been separated from my son for so long. Sure, it wasn't a normal situation, he was at his grandmother's house. My mom. At his age, he obviously wanted to go out, he wanted to go cycling, he wanted to go to parties, he wanted everything and of course, he was under the responsibility of my mom, and I was a bit like stay calm, don't go out, because I wasn't there. I think that was the hardest part. For not knowing the exact time it was going to take me, for not knowing how I was going to do at the entrance, because I knew it was going to be a long process. Well, it actually lasted 27 hours. Not knowing. You're like today in a spinning thread that you know, you don't have the security. Of everything. When are you going to see him again. In this case my son. That was the hardest part. Actually.
Michelle [00:39:00] I imagine. Well, I don't have kids, but I can imagine. And when you were 100% settled in Miami. What was your impression of people? Obviously, I know they were Latinos, but maybe they're new people, they're people you don't know and it's the first time you've been doing like new relationships in general. How was it? What was your impression in that regard?
María [00:39:31] Well, I was very impressed. Everything they give to the Cuban citizens or that they were granted at that time. I felt very sorry, as if I was ashamed. Because they gave you financial aid. I mean, they're like many, many things, with a lot of benefits they gave, that I said no, my God, but I came to work, I want to do that. But it's like an initial aid you get, given to you by the government. Well, that really shocked me because I wasn't even... Having not been born in Cuba, I felt very grateful that they did that. In this case for me, for my family. I was impressed to see a lot of people in the office, for example, of Social Security, to see how those who are born in Cuba, not all, obviously one can't always judge by everyone, but that is, they arrive, some, with an attitude like, “I deserve it, give it to me,” but in a very, very bad way. So that caused me sorry for others, because I said well, but, all that, first, is opening the doors of this country for you, that they are giving you the opportunity to live in freedom, that they are giving you the opportunity to be legal, to work, to develop yourself as a person, as a professional, to be able to provide your family with better options and arriving with that attitude... That hit me a little bit. But no, the rest... with the rest of the people, good, because well, I'm in an area that there are a lot of Venezuelans. The school where Alejandro studied is... The largest population is Venezuelan, and you always feel like in your... With its people, you kind of feel like in Venezuela, but everything organized and everything in order, without scarcity, without the insecurity that we lived there in Venezuela and everything. And here if you work and you're honest and you're decent and you do things right, you're taken into account.
Michelle [00:42:38] I agree with you, because I more or less lived it the same way. Well, my last question. If you had to differentiate between Venezuelan culture and that of the United States, what would be the differences? Obviously, Miami, where you are, you may not notice the differences so much, but with people from the United States that you have met and like, who have already talked to them, that you have noticed that there are different values than yours. What do you think the differences are? If you don't remember any of them, if you don't think about any, no problem.
María [00:43:15] Well, I think that we in Venezuela or we as a Venezuelan, are more familiar, we are more dependent. Dependents in what sense? That you're always with your family, even if you don't suddenly live with your mom or dad, there's always this union, always. I mean, that's pretty much what I see. Here, parenting is more independent. I don't know if it's positive or negative. I love how I was raised. Thank God I had the opportunity to raise Alejandro in Venezuela and continued doing it. I think that the values that they instill in us of, well is obviously depending on each family and every part where you are, because obviously in Venezuela not everyone is raised with values and with that affection in their homes, why, obviously not all families have the same circumstances. But, here in America, what I told you that they are raised to be independent, to become independent, to develop as a person, that is fine too. They have other celebrations. At least now that thanksgiving is coming, which I love, I love that tradition, it fascinates me, I think it is something very beautiful and I think it is one of the most celebrated traditions here in America and I think the action is very beautiful, which is to give thanks. Too bad it's just one day, really, but that's a very nice one, I love that tradition. There's another one that we're not used to, which was the one we just went through, which is Halloween. Of course, I don't see it for the part that everybody sees Halloween as something bad. I see it, it's so fun for the kids to go get candy and I think the scary part is very funny. I don't see it in the bad sense that they're going to kidnap the kids and they're going to do things to them. I don't see it that way, I see it on the positive side. Which is a part... It's what my dad always instilled in me, too, to see the positive side of everything and always be with a positive mind. That helped me a lot. Returning to Cuba, it helped me a lot to be in Cuba, to stay positive and always visualize that I was going to be here and that I would be able to have a chance to give my son a better future.
Michelle [00:47:13] Of course. Well, thank you very much. I loved everything you told me. There will be another time to talk more about this but thank you very much.
María [00:47:27] Thanks to you, Michelle.
Entrevista a María
Michelle [00:00:03] Hola! Buenos días, Bueno buenas tardes, ¿cómo estás?
María [00:00:10] Hola, buenas tardes.
Michelle [00:00:13] Bueno, María, si quieres empezar la entrevista de una vez, este, como tú prefieras. Cuéntame cuál es tu nacionalidad.
María [00:00:25] Bueno, mi nacionalidad es venezolana.
Michelle [00:00:29] Ok
María [00:00:30] Nací en Venezuela.
Michelle [00:00:31] Y ¿tienes solamente nacionalidad venezolana?
María [00:00:34] No, tengo nacionalidad española por mi padre y nacionalidad cubana por mi madre.
Michelle [00:00:42] Ok. ¿Y te criaste entonces en Venezuela?
María [00:00:46] Sí, en Venezuela.
Michelle [00:00:47] ¿Y ahora estás viviendo en?
María [00:00:53] En Miami. En Miami, Florida.
Michelle [00:00:55] Okay. ¿Cómo era vivir en Venezuela, como fue criarte allá y pasar todos los años que pasaste allá?
María [00:01:02] Bueno, Venezuela, bien, muy bien, siempre este hubo... Hubo un emm... Todo bien en cuanto a la educación, en cuanto a al recreo de poder salir, de poder pasear, todo bien.
Michelle [00:01:42] ¿Y tienes algún recuerdo importante de cuando solías vivir allá?
María [00:01:52] Bueno, mi familia. Toda mi familia, recuerdos con mis abuelos, con mis amistades, eh... Toda mi infancia, mi colegio, estudié en un colegio desde preescolar hasta bachillerato que me gradué. Tengo muy buenos amigos porque imagínate toda la vida estudiando en el mismo colegio, yendo a los mismos sitios, frecuentando las casas de mis amigos. De mis familiares, porque nosotros vivíamos en... En una ciudad que queda a dos horas y media de Caracas, que donde... Donde vivía toda mi familia. Pero frecuentábamos mucho Caracas a visitar a la familia y... y nunca hubo esa separación, sino que siempre solíamos ir en fechas importantes o por cualquier fin de semana, siempre estábamos juntos pues.
Michelle [00:03:04] Okay... ¿Y a que edad decidiste mudarte a los Estados Unidos?
María [00:03:13] Bueno, tenía que... Eso fue hace ya, seis años atrás. Verdad. Yo tengo ahora... (pensando) Si, a los 42 años, a los cuarenta y dos años.
Michelle [00:03:31] Y venías entonces de Valencia, de tu lugar...
María [00:03:34] De Valencia, sí.
Michelle [00:03:37] ¿Y cuál fue la razón que decidiste emigrar?
María [00:03:40] Por la inseguridad, que se estaba... Bueno, en este momento se estaba viviendo... Había muchos atracos. Hubo una muerte muy cercana, que fue la que me hizo tomar la decisión. Ya que tengo un hijo que en ese momento adolescente me daba mucho temor que saliera con los amigos que... Que estuviera en la calle, que fuera al cine. Me daba mucho temor porque porque eso era lo que se estaba viviendo en ese momento en Venezuela. Entonces, bueno, nada, decidimos primero mandarlo a él acá porque mi mamá vive aquí, ya tiene dieciocho años viviendo acá y lo mandamos al primero. Para acá, para los Estados Unidos.
Michelle [00:04:38] Okay. ¿Y estabas feliz o tenías miedo de ese cambio? Cómo fueron los sentimientos en el proceso?
María [00:04:44] Bueno, no lo podría llamar felicidad ni estaba triste, era como una incertidumbre por no saber... Lo que... A lo que me iba a enfrentar, porque siempre tomar la decisión de vivir en un país diferente, donde no están tus afectos, donde claro, mi mamá está aquí, pero igual las amistades, parte de la familia, todo estaba ya en Venezuela. Era como algo... Eso incertidumbre, era incertidumbre de no saber en qué voy a trabajar ahora, qué es lo que me va a tocar, cómo va a ser el proceso de entrada. Todo eso.
Michelle [00:05:31] Okay. ¿Y cuando migraste tu, migraste sola o migraste con alguien más, con tu esposo o con algún otro familiar?
María [00:05:41] Bueno, como te comentaba, primero vino mi hijo. Verdad? Lo mandamos a él primero. Luego yo. Primero me fui a España. Un tiempo, porque mi mamá es cubana, pero aunque mi mamá fuese cubana, yo no tenía... Yo no tenía la visa, solicité la visa y no me la dieron. Entonces era algo así como bueno, ahora cómo hago? Me voy a España. Me... Me quedo allá por un tiempo. Tuve un trabajo. Todo esto para tener la oportunidad de solicitar la visa por allá por España. Claro, como española también está el permiso que no es la visa, sino el ESTA. Pero obviamente, como ya me habían negado una visa en Venezuela, el ESTA no me lo aprobaron, luego solicité la visa y tampoco me la aprobaron. Entonces bueno, a mi me ha estado asesorando un abogado y él me dijo bueno, ya yo me había años antes... Esto fue en el año 2015... En el año 2013, yo me había registrado como cubana en el consulado cubano allá en Caracas, en Venezuela. Me había registrado como hija de cubano. Entonces ellos hacen la inscripción en el consulado cubano y bueno, ya estaba hecho esa parte. Entonces bueno, cuando estoy en España que pasa esto, que me que me niega la visa. El abogado me dijo bueno, todavía tenemos otra opción. Vete a Cuba y te haces ciudadana cubana, allá en Cuba solicitas tu pasaporte y todo esto y bueno, eso fue lo que hice. Me fui a Cuba, recuerdo que era un 5 de diciembre, igual, con mucha incertidumbre porque yo no había... yo nunca había ido a Cuba, mi mamá aunque nació allí, a ella la llevaron de pequeña a Venezuela. Ella tampoco conocía Cuba. Sabíamos que teníamos familiares, pero no, no los conocía físicamente. Y bueno, también fue mucha incertidumbre del no saber que me iba enfrentar, con qué personas iba a estar, todo esto, pero bueno. Gracias a Dios todo.
Michelle [00:08:34] Qué bueno! Guau!
María [00:08:35] Fue bien.
Michelle [00:08:37] Bastante el proceso entonces.
María [00:08:39] Sí, bueno, ahí se hizo un proceso. Había que hacer unos documentos, donde... Como que un familiar se hacía cargo de mi estadía allí en Cuba, donde yo tuve que residenciarme en un sitio para... Para poder así solicitar todo lo que se requería para sacar el pasaporte y todo esto. La nacionalidad pues.
Michelle [00:09:16] Ok, entonces cuando te fuiste a Cuba, ¿cuánto tiempo pasaste allá? ¿Cómo fue el proceso en Cuba como tal?
María [00:09:25] Bueno, en Cuba estuve casi 4 meses. Nada, primero se hizo un documento, ese que te comenté, como que... Yo estuve en casa de un primo hermano de mi mamá, donde él se hacía cargo de mí, verdad. Luego solicitamos el documento de identidad, que es el ID o la cédula, en este caso venezolana, se solicita el documento de identidad y al mismo tiempo solicitamos el pasaporte. Entonces... Nada, se metió, claro todo esto, las partidas de nacimiento de mis abuelos, las partidas de nacimiento de mi mamá con el pasaporte de mi mamá, con todos mis documentos, partidas de nacimiento, todo esto. Y bueno, nada se solicitó en una oficina de extranjería allá. Y bueno, como todo proceso llevo... Llevo como tres meses que me asignaran el pasaporte. Y entonces, ya después, cuando cuando me llegó el pasaporte, ya ahí si, ya yo podía salir de allá. Ya yo podía salir para poder ingresar aquí.
Michelle [00:11:09] Y el proceso en Cuba. En tu opinión, ¿lo consideraste largo o más o menos tenías la idea de que iba a durar ese periodo de tiempo?
María [00:11:19] Sí, bueno, yo no... Era incierto el tiempo que se iba a tardar el proceso del pasaporte. Fue para mí, fue eterno. Fueron días que duraban 48 horas porque no sabía, no me daban una fecha exacta. Sabes q en nuestros países, siempre no hay una fecha exacta. Yo tenía que ir cada semana, preguntar. Y bueno, eso fue muy... Osea, tardo muchísimo para mí. Fueron días, días largos
Michelle [00:12:08] Okay, ¿y cómo lograste después entrar a los Estados Unidos? O sea, ¿había una ley en el momento o algo que te permitía entrar como cubana o como funciona ese proceso?
María [00:12:20] Sí, bueno, aquí en Estados Unidos había una ley que ya la quitaron, que se llama "Pies secos, pies mojados," que quiere decir que... Obviamente no iba a entrar por mar, porque no era mi caso, pero igual cuando tu pisas, o sea, tu puedes entrar por un punto fronterizo, en este caso fue por México, tú puede entrar por un punto fronterizo y ya una vez que tu traspasa esa línea que ya estás dentro de los Estados Unidos, aún no habiendo hecho migración, ya estás dentro. Entonces, esa ley como cubana te arropa, te arropaba, porque ya no, ya esa ley la quitaron. Entonces, bueno, ya cuando una vez entré, ya una vez dentro, empieza un proceso donde verifican toda la documentación que tú traigas. Bueno, mi mamá de hecho se fue a México, me recibió en México, en la parte de México. Y luego, cruzamos por un punto fronterizo. Ella obviamente, ella es ciudadana americana, ella entró por donde entran los ciudadanos. Yo entré por otra puerta, entonces ahí empezó todo un proceso de revisión. Te revisan todo, a ver si traes algo ilegal, te toman las huellas. Te preguntan todo minuciosamente. Qué nacionalidades tienes, dónde naciste, de dónde vienes, todo esto. Si tienen algún vínculo con el gobierno, en este caso yo venía de Cuba. Y bueno, ya sabemos el régimen que hay. Que si yo tenía algún vínculo con el gobierno en Cuba, entonces bueno, eso fue un proceso bien largo. Duró 27 horas que estuve detenida ahí, por así llamarlo. Estuve detenida y todo ese tiempo, claro, mi mamá estaba allá del lado de Estados Unidos y eso fue muy positivo, porque ellos así verificaron que mis papeles no eran falsos. Pues porque, porque ese proceso se presta mucho para que falsifican documentos, porque es muy fácil, era muy fácil con esa ley que falsificaran documentos cubanos. Y bueno, estando ahí vieron que los documentos eran fiables.
Michelle [00:15:33] Okay, wow. Bastante el proceso, ¿no?
María [00:15:36] Si, es un proceso largo. También en esas 27 horas también fueron súper largas.
Michelle [00:15:44] Me imagino.
María [00:15:44] Muy largas. Y claro, con la incertidumbre otra vez de no saber cuál va a ser la decisión que ellos van a tomar. Porque era algo que yo no, yo no sabía a ciencia cierta, yo no sabía que salir de Cuba me iba a arropar, porque acuérdate que tengo nacionalidad también española. Entonces.
Michelle [00:16:15] Claro.
María [00:16:16] Ese era mi temor.
Michelle [00:16:20] Pero bueno, al final todo salió bien y te dejaron entrar así que...
María [00:16:24] Sí, gracias a Dios que estoy, muy agradecida. Esa ley, esa ley de pies secos pies mojados ya la quitaron. Bueno, esa ley la quitaron. Yo entré en marzo del año 2016, eso era en el gobierno de Barack Obama, esa ley antes de el irse de la presidencia el la quito. Entonces estuve casi que en la rayita.
Michelle [00:17:00] Okay, y ya cuando entraste, ¿tu primera opción siempre fui a vivir a Miami por tu mamá o pensabas vivir en algún otro lado?
María [00:17:07] Sí, siempre, claro mi decisión, a parte de cuando me preguntabas que cuál fue la decisión... O sea, que por qué tome la decisión de venirme fue por la inseguridad que se estaba viviendo en Venezuela, pero también por otra parte, porque mi mamá ya es una persona mayor y yo quería poder estar aquí también con ella y poder tener la libertad de poder entrar y salir. En este caso, ahora estoy aquí para poder ir a España, poder ir a Venezuela, poder visitar a mi familia. Pero esa fue otra de las razones por la cual me vine para acá.
Michelle [00:18:00] Y entonces, cuando tú ya estabas en Estados Unidos, tu hijo también estaba quedándose con tu mamá. ¿Tú te fuiste a quedar con ellos?
María [00:18:14] Sí, estuvimos un tiempo en casa de mi mamá y luego... Ah, bueno, mi esposo estaba aquí también. Luego alquilamos un apartamento y ya... Empezar a trabajar, empezar a hacer vida aquí. Alejandro, mi hijo, estudiaba el High School y bueno, nada, empezar a trabajar.
Michelle [00:18:48] Y cuando llegaste o bueno, antes cuando estabas en todo el proceso en Cuba, ¿cuáles eran tus expectativas de Estados Unidos? Que esperabas?
María [00:19:02] Bueno, poder tener la libertad de trabajar en lo que... bueno poder llegar haciendo lo que sea. Primero trabajé en un parque. Me gusta mucho la decoración. Yo llevaba toda la parte de la decoración, hacía todo lo que era la decoración, me encargaba de las compras, me encargaba del funcionamiento en general, limpiaba casas. Todo, todo lo que saliera, ahí estaba yo.
Michelle [00:19:52] Qué bueno!
María [00:19:53] Y bueno, ya después, yo soy técnico superior en educación preescolar. Después fui averiguando, certifiqué mi título con mis notas, aquí en Estados Unidos. Gracias a Dios. Eso que yo estudié en Venezuela me lo pudieron revalidar como que si hubiese estudiado la carrera aquí, entonces bueno, ya con eso empece a trabajar. Y bueno, fueron cambiando un poco las cosas en cuanto a la parte laboral.
Michelle [00:20:42] Y bueno, obviamente el idioma era distinto y en todos los trabajos, obviamente Miami tiene bastante población latina pero me imagino que trabajando en el preescolar, inglés era parte del proceso. ¿Como te adaptaste a eso? ¿Te has adaptado a eso en principio o todavía estás adaptándote?
María [00:21:07] Sí, bueno, siempre, obviamente no es nuestra lengua con la que crecimos. Pero, pero yo hice cursos. Lo entiendo bastante bien. Lo hablo. A lo mejor no tan perfecto como debería ser, pero sí, me defiendo, claro, con el pasar del tiempo uno va adaptando más el oído. Las exigencias laborales te van enseñando un poquito más. Y bueno, nada, no. Para mí el inglés no ha sido una barrera. O sea, yo si algo no lo sé, yo me hago entender igual y busco la manera, si me tranco con alguna palabra, pero la verdad que no ha sido... Y bueno y que ayuda muchísimo en el área donde yo estoy, que hay muchos venezolanos también, aquí en esta parte de Miami. Entonces eso también ayuda un poco. Y bueno, y parece curioso, pero los mismos padres en el colegio donde yo trabajaba, los mismos padres, "no quiero que le hablen inglés a mis hijos," porque claro, el inglés siempre lo van a aprender. Yo le dí clase a los niños de 2 añitos. Entonces los papás siempre, "No quiero que les hablen inglés, no quiero que le hablen inglés," entonces bueno, eso me facilitaba un poco. Los papás siempre quieren, claro, para los niños es mejor que hablen los dos idiomas, es más beneficioso.
Michelle [00:22:58] ¿Y tú crees que ellos queríqn que les hablaras en español, más que nada para que no perdieran como esa parte de su cultura?
María [00:23:06] Sí, sí, definitivamente, sí, indudablemente. Um.
María [00:23:12] Y bueno, lo mismo con, me imagino que a Alejandro, su hijo y a su esposo le habrá costado el idioma, como viéndolos y viviendo con ellos, ¿como fue el proceso para ellos?
María [00:23:25] Bueno, para Alejandro creo que es más fácil porque el llegó a estudiar estando en High School. Y bueno, y todo, sí, en inglés. Aunque bueno, los amigos, la mayoría también son venezolanos.
Michelle [00:23:57] Y ya cuando llegaron, llegó su esposo y Alejandro. ¿Cómo fue la búsqueda de un sitio para vivir? Porque me imagino que no tenían... Tenían cierto rango para gastar y Miami obviamente es caro. ¿Cómo fue ese proceso?
María [00:24:19] Bueno, veníamos ya preparados porque ya sabíamos. Con meses de anterioridad, ya sabíamos que había que dar casi tres meses de depósito. Ya veníamos con ahorros de Venezuela. Vendimos los carros, vendimos varias cosas. Llegamos un poco preparados para todo esto, pero claro, siempre todo comienzo es muy difícil. Al principio no teníamos muebles, no teníamos un colchón donde dormir. Mi mamá, siempre ahí. Presente. De los amigos siempre, siempre hay una mano que te ayuda. Y bueno.
Michelle [00:25:24] Claro, me imagino que tener a tu mamá ahí fue un plus.
María [00:25:29] Sí, claro.
Michelle [00:25:33] Ok, bueno, y volviendo a Venezuela, Cuba, España. ¿Cómo fue vivir en esos países? O sea, obviamente en Venezuela viviste muchísimos más años que lo que estuviste en Cuba y en España. Pero, ¿cuáles eran las diferencias? ¿La cultura, la comida, la gente? Todo es distinto me imagino, cuéntame más de eso.
María [00:25:56] Bueno, en el en el año 2002 nosotros nos fuimos a vivir a España, estuvimos por allá dos años. Porque igual se fue mi hermano con la esposa, los niños, mi papá también con mi hermana, con su esposa, estuvimos por allá dos años, pero... Pero no, como que no lleno nuestras expectativas en cuanto a la parte económica, era muy difícil. Es mucho más difícil en España que acá. Entonces, bueno, decidimos regresar a Venezuela. Y bueno, en el país de uno, uno se desenvuelve, de hecho yo trabajaba en un colegio. O sea, tu vida normal, tenemos nuestra casa, nuestro carro, toda nuestra vida. En Venezuela en este momento, bueno, era lo de la parte de la inseguridad. Y la inseguridad económica, porque también hay y la inseguridad personal, mucha delincuencia. Y bueno, ya cuando cuando decidimos venirnos había mucha escases de comida. Hubo mucha revueltas políticas y bueno.
Michelle [00:27:37] ¿Y volvías mucho ya después de llegar a Estados Unidos, volvías mucho a Venezuela o a España a visitar a la familia?
María [00:27:46] Bueno, de hecho a España fui en el año... Yo llegué aquí en el año 2016. A España, regresé otra vez en el año 2019 porque mi papá estaba allá y parte de mi familia y fui. Fue la primera vez que sali desde que había entrado aquí a Estados Unidos. Fue rico porque ves a tu familia, ves a tus amigos. Hay mucha gente, muchos amigos que se han ido a vivir a España. Entonces fue como un reencontrar. Fue la primera vez que salí de acá. Fue muy emocionante, me gustó muchísimo porque claro, fuí pocos días de vacaciones y bueno, y en Navidad, y todo fue excelente. Luego, volví este año a España. Y luego hace... Es más, tengo como un mes que regresé de Venezuela. No había vuelto a Venezuela después que salí, después de seis años, no había vuelto. Eh, la encontré en la parte de la delincuencia, la encontré mejor, encontré mi ciudad un poco más limpia. La escasez que había de comida ya no la hay. Obviamente tienes que tener dinero porque o si no tienes dinero no puedes adquirir lo que a lo mejor para muchos no pueden en Venezuela, con la situación que se está viviendo. Todo está dolarizaso. Nada, casi nada es en bolívares. Osea, te dan el precio y es en dólar. Pero si me sentí más tranquila. No me sentía amenazada por la parte de la delincuencia. Valencia estaba más limpia, que es la ciudad donde todavía tengo mi casa. Y bueno, me gustó porque imagínate, después de seis años, volver a ver a mis amigos, a mis familiares. O sea, aunque muchos se han ido, la mayoría están en España. Pero fue muy emocionante, fue rico, fue rico.
Michelle [00:30:21] Me imagino. ¿Y tienes alguna anécdota de Cuba o de España que siempre cuando te vuelves a ver con tu familia, lo recuerdas, o de Venezuela, algo que toda la familia siempre habla y se ríen y típico de reuniones familiares?
María [00:30:41] Bueno, en Cuba me encantó Cuba. Me fascinó Cuba. Creo que si hubiese sabido que todo iba a salir como salió de bien, creo que hubiese disfrutado más de lo que disfruten. Es muy rica culturalmente. El teatro... En la casa donde yo me quedé. Em. Hay dos bailarines, bailarines profesionales y obviamente a mí me gusta mucho lo que es la danza, lo que es la música. Toda esa parte y Cuba es muy rica en la parte cultural. En cuanto a musicales, en cuanto a danza, en cuanto a Ballet es muy, muy, muy rica. Iba al teatro hasta a veces iba, hasta tres veces por semana al teatro porque se presentaba algún ballet o algún musical. Me aprendí la ruta de los autobuses súper rápido. Me movía como que si hubiese vivido toda la vida en Cuba. Por la parte de, bueno... Anécdotas era conectarme en Internet. Eso había que ir a un sitio específico donde había señal y carísimo, carísimo. Para poder estar comunicada con mi familia. Tenía que caminar bastante para poder comunicarme. siempre iba por la parte del Malecón, había como un puntico donde había señal y entonces tú veías a todo el mundo buscando como sitio en las escaleras, en cualquier, en cualquier murito o pegado del malecón. Recuerdo que una vez había mucha, mucha brisa y las olas se metían dentro del malecón y me mojaron toda porque vino una ola muy grande y todos salimos corriendo. Eso fue muy divertido. Me encantó. Y bueno, la verdad es que en Cuba lo pasé muy bien, me atendieron excelente. Unas personas muy humilde, muy bella, que hoy en día son de la familia que uno escoge.
Michelle [00:33:29] Y en Cuba, yo he escuchado, nunca he ido a Cuba. Siempre he querido. Pero hay alguna diferencia entre ser turista y ser residente? Porque por ejemplo, cuando vienes acá a Estados Unidos, tu no diferencias entre un turista y un residente. A todo el mundo tienen los mismos derechos, tienen el mismo wifi y tienen los mismos lugares para comer. ¿En Cuba es igual o es distinto?
María [00:33:58] se está cortando un poquito, no sé por qué...
Michelle [00:34:02] Mi Internet, probablemente. Que yo nunca he estado en Cuba, pero me han contado que hay mucha diferencia entre el turista y el residente. ¿Tu notaste esa diferencia como esa separación o para ti fue como normal?
María [00:34:22] Um, creo que en año pasado sí era sí, pero y yo yo iba con esa expectativa, yo iba súper temerosa porque me decían no hables, no digas no, no, no, no, esto, no aquello. O sea, fui con como con esa expectativa de que a dónde voy?, como me irán a tratar?, no sé que decir, no sé que hablar. O sea, yo estaba... De hecho, tengo una anécdota que fue muy cómica porque yo no conocía al primo de mi mamá, que me iba a recibir en el aeropuerto. Él fue con su esposa a buscarme, que yo no la conocía, ni ellos a mí tampoco. Él fue tal cual, con un cartelito con mi nombre y yo iba con una foto de él porque yo nunca lo había visto. Entonces yo... El avión se venía retrasado de Madrid. Y bueno, y cuando yo llego, que lo veo, que el tiene su cartel con mi nombre, claro yo estaba con un temor horrible y la esposa después, a los días fue que supe que ella tenía un tic nervioso en el ojo. Entonces me preguntaba.. Esto fue muy muy chistoso porque ella me preguntaba tienes hambre? Y me hace así (guiñaba el ojo) y yo decía Ay, me guiñaba el ojo y yo decía.. Será que digo que sí tengo, pero que no tengo? Yo no sabía. Me pregunata, tienes sueño? E ibamos en un carro que ellos solicitaron el servicio a un amigo de ellos que tenía un carro que me fueron a buscar. Tienes sueño? Y me guiñaba el ojo y yo? Dios mío, pero que tengo que decir? Y vienes cansada? Y me seguía, todo el tiempo, me guiñaba el ojo, me guiñaba el ojo. Y entonces después fue que yo supe que ella tuvo como una parálisis facial y el ojo le quedó como con ese tic. Ay! Y yo decía Ay, Dios mío! Y yo toda asustada, no sabía. No sabía si debía hablar, si no debía hablar. No, no sabía nada, nada. Entonces bueno...
Michelle [00:36:58] Bueno, por lo menos ahora ya sabes que no te estaba guiñando el ojo, sino que era parte de ella.
María [00:37:04] Sí, así es.
Michelle [00:37:07] Y bueno, cuando hiciste todo el proceso de irte a Cuba, de pasar a Estados Unidos, de todo lo que viviste, ¿cuál crees que fue lo más difícil?
María [00:37:22] La estadía en Cuba, pero no en si por la estadía, sino por la... Primero que tenía muchísimo tiempo sin ver a mi familia. Sobre todo mi hijo. Era la primera vez que me separaba tanto tiempo de mi hijo. Claro, no era una situación normal, el estaba en casa de su abuela. Mi mamá. En una edad que obviamente quería salir, quería ir a montar bicicleta, quería ir a fiestas, quería todo y claro, estaba bajo la responsabilidad de mi mamá y yo era un poco así como quédate tranquilo, no salgas, porque yo no estaba. Yo creo que esa fue la parte más difícil. Por no saber el tiempo exacto que me iba a tardar, por no saber cómo me iba a ir en la entrada, porque sabía que iba a ser un proceso largo. Bueno, de hecho duró 27 horas. No saber. Estas como hoy en un hilito guindando que sabes, no tienes la seguridad. De todo. De cuando lo vas a volver a ver. En este caso a mi hijo. Esa fue la parte más difícil. En realidad.
Michelle [00:39:00] Me imagino. Bueno, no tengo hijos, pero me puedo llegar a imaginar. Y cuando ya estabas establecida al 100% en Miami. ¿Cuál fue tu impresión de la gente? Obviamente yo sé que eran latinos, pero igual es gente nueva, es gente que no conocés y es la primera vez que pues, después de hace muchos años que no haces como relaciones nuevas en general. ¿Cómo fue? ¿Cuál fue tu impresión en ese sentido?
María [00:39:31] Bueno, me impresionó mucho. Todo lo que les otorgan a los ciudadanos cubanos o que en ese momento les otorgaban. Yo me sentía muy con pena, como con vergüenza. Porque te daban ayuda económica. O sea, son como muchas, muchas cosas, con muchos beneficios que daban, que yo decía no, Dios mío, si yo lo que vengo es a trabajar, yo quiero. Pero es como una ayuda inicial que te da, que te otorga el gobierno. Y bueno, eso me impactó muchísimo porque aún no siendo... No habiendo nacido en el Cuba, me sentí muy agradecida de que hicieran eso. En este caso por mí, por mi familia. Me impresionó ver mucho en la oficina, por ejemplo, del Social Security, ver como los que nacen en Cuba, no todos, obviamente siempre uno no podemos juzgar por todos, pero o sea, ellos llegan, algunos, con una actitud como que, "me lo merezco, dámelo," pero de muy, de muy mala manera. Entonces eso me causaba como pena ajena, porque yo decía bueno, pero, todo lo que te, primero, te están abriendo las puertas de este país, que te están dando la oportunidad de vivir en libertad, de que te están dando la oportunidad de estar legalmente, de trabajar,,. de desarrollarte como persona, como profesional, de poderle brindar a tu familia las mejores opciones y el llegar con esa actitud... eso me chocó un poco. Pero no, del resto... con el resto de las personas, bien, porque bueno, estoy en una zona que hay muchos venezolanos. el colegio donde estudió Alejandro es... La mayor población es venezolana y siempre uno se siente como en su... Con su gente, como que te sientes como en Venezuela, pero todo organizado y todo en regla, sin escasez, sin la inseguridad que vivíamos allá en Venezuela y todo. Y aquí si trabajas y eres honesto y eres honrado y y haces las cosas bien eres tomado en cuenta.
Michelle [00:42:37] Si estoy de acuerdo contigo, porque más o menos lo viví igual. Bueno, mi última pregunta. Si tuvieras que diferenciar entre la cultura venezolana y la de Estados Unidos, ¿cuáles serían las diferencias? Obviamente Miami, donde estás tú, capaz no notes tanto las diferencias, pero con gente de Estados Unidos que hayas conocido y como, que ya has hablado con ellos, que hayas notado que hay valores distintos a los tuyos. ¿Cuál crees que sean las diferencias? Si no te acuerdas de ninguno, si no piensas en ninguna, no hay problema.
María [00:43:15] Bueno, creo que nosotros en Venezuela o nosotros como venezolano, somos más familiares, somos más dependientes. Dependientes en qué sentido? En que siempre estás con tu familia, aunque de repente no vivas con tu mamá o con tu papá, siempre hay esta unión, siempre. O sea, eso es lo que más o menos yo veo. Aquí, la crianza es más independiente. No sé si es positivo o negativo. Amo como me criaron. Gracias a Dios tuve la oportunidad de criar a Alejandro en Venezuela y seguirlo, seguirlo haciendo. Creo que los valores que nos inculcan a nosotros de, bueno es dependiendo obviamente de cada familia y de cada parte donde estés, porque obviamente en Venezuela no a todos los crían con valores y con ese afecto en sus casas, por qué, obviamente no todas las familias tienen las mismas circunstancias. Pero, aquí en Estados Unidos, lo que te dije que los crían para ser independiente, para que se independicen, para que se desarrollen como persona, que eso está bien también. Tienen otras celebraciones. Por lo menos ahora que está por venir thanksgiving, que me encanta, me encanta esa tradición, me fascina, me parece que es algo muy bonito y creo que es una de las tradiciones que se celebra más aquí en Estados Unidos y la acción me parece muy bonita, que es dar gracias. Lástima que sea un solo día, la verdad, pero es muy bonita esa, esa tradición me encanta. Hay otra que es la que nosotros no estamos acostumbrados, que fue la que acabamos de pasar, que es Halloween. Que claro, yo no lo veo por la parte que todo el mundo ve que el Halloween es malo. Yo la veo, es por lo divertido para los niños en ir a buscar caramelos y me parece muy divertido la parte del miedo. Yo no lo veo en el mal sentido de que se van a robar a los niños y les van a hacer cosas. No lo veo por ahí, lo veo por la parte positiva. Que es una parte... Es de lo que siempre mi papá me inculcó, también, verle la parte positiva a todo y estar siempre con la mente positiva. Eso me ayudó muchísimo. Volviendo a Cuba, me ayudó mucho a estar en Cuba, mantenerme siempre positiva y siempre visualizando que iba a estar aquí y que iba a poder tener una oportunidad de darle a mi hijo un mejor futuro.
Michelle [00:47:13] Claro. Bueno, muchísimas gracias. Me encantó todo lo que me contaste. Sí que ya habrá otro tiempo para hablar más de esto, pero muchísimas gracias.
María [00:47:27] Gracias a ti, Michelle.
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