VI. Quaker Hill, Lines 49-75

Line 51: “Iroquois to guide”-  “Iroquois”  According to OED; is of or pertaining to an American Indian group of peoples (the ‘Five Nations’) encountered esp. in Ontario and central and northern New York state (OED). Line 52: “Scalped Yankees”- ...

VII. The Tunnel, Lines 1-38

“To Find the Western path Right thro’ the Gates of Wrath”- William Blake (Quotation on title page): Poems from the Rossetti Manuscript Line 2: “Up Times Square” – Line 2: “to Columbus Circle” – Line 8:...

VII. The Tunnel, Lines 39-65

Lines 39-40: “Let’s have a pencil Jimmy — living now at Floral Park” – Crane’s usage of dialogue here is supposed to mirror fragmented conversation that he either over hears on the subway, or takes part in. But, he does not make the...

VII. The Tunnel, Lines 66-84

Lines 66-71: “Whose head is swinging from the swollen strap…” – A reference to Edgar Allan Poe. R.W.B Lewis argues that Poe serves as poetic redemption, much like Whitman does in “Cape Hatteras.”  A redemption from the hell that...

VII. The Tunnel, lines 85-122

Line 91: “galvothermic” – A word Crane made up, most likely the combination of galvanic (appearing later in the poem, on line 124) and thermal.  The definition of galvanic being “electricity developed by chemical action” and...