Charles Anderson Interview, History 150 Spring 2019, Conducted by Jacqueline Anderson, March 9, 2019 

A. I traveled to Mt. Vernon where my grandad lives to conduct an in-person interview at his house. We found a quiet space at the kitchen table where there would be no background noise or interruptions. I rented out the snowball microphone from the JMU tech department with a USB cord to connect to my computer. I used garage band to record the audio and then later upload it to an MP3 player. Over the course that the interview was taking place, my grandad would go off track with the of his answers to my questions. I found this to be a good thing because he was able to share more stories and make the interview more natural. There was one instance when he showed me a photo of where he was in Vietnam. I will supply the photo in the transcript to help the listener see what I saw. Overall, the process went very smoothly, and I am grateful that I have my grandad’s story recorded. 

 

B. Charles Anderson was born ten months before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Charles had relatives that were fighting the war in Europe when he was eight, The Korean Conflict started, and a cease-fire occurred three years later in 1953. In 1958 Charles joined the Army National Guard 30th Armor Division in Nashville, Tennessee. In college, Charles was an ROTC cadet at MTSU 1958-1963. The summer of 1962, Charles received military cadet training at Ft Benning, Ga. where the cadets “said it w as110 in the shade and no shade.” He attended college on a football athletic scholarship. In 1963, he graduated with a BS Degree and received a commission as 2nd Lieutenant in the US Army. He and his family were assigned to stateside Army Posts and Europe for the first five years. In 1968 he received orders to Vietnam.   He served as a Company Commander in Vietnam from Aug 1968 until July 1969. By the time he served in Vietnam two of his ROTC college classmates had been killed in Vietnam. William Burkhardt in 1964 and Robert Boyd in 1968. In August 1983 Charles retired from the Army as a Lieutenant Colonel with 20 years of active service. He went to work as a Program Manager for The Boeing Company where he worked for 12 years and retired a second time from his civilian job. He continued to work as a consultant until 2000 when he bought 50% of a software company located in Rye, New York. He continues at the present time to do volunteer work in the community and has just returned from Honduras where he supports two bilingual schools. Charles and his wife reared five children. His wife of 54 years died in 2011. He is the proud grandfather of 17 grandchildren. During his service in the Army, he served with several soldiers that had served in WWII and Korea.  

 

C. Additional Information 

Following the interview with my grandad, he emailed me and my extended family more details about his service in the military during the twentieth century. The following information is directly translated from the email and any additional conversations we had: 

Follow-up: 

Five Ton Gun Truck with Twin 50s used in Vietnam to give firepower to supply convoys. This is type truck that saved the convoy I told you about outside of Qui Nhon during an ambush on Hwy 19 in 1969. The driver was injured in the initial attack but kept driving back and forth along the line of attack and the 50 caliber machine guns suppressed the enemy and he withdrew under fire. 

 

 In the early 1960s, as the Vietnam War began to increase in intensity, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and Forces began to build a chain of bases in the Central Highlands to interdict the flow of men and material from North Vietnam. In August 1965 the 1st Cavalry Division established Camp Radcliff at An Khê. Route 19 became a vital supply artery to these bases and the Vietcong and People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) conducted frequent ambushes along the road. Route Colonial 19 or RC19 was constructed by the French in the early 20th century and was the main road connecting the Central Highlands with the coastal region of Vietnam. 

 

The Battle of Mang Yang Pass took place along RC19 between An Khê and Pleiku from 24-30 June 1954. 

 

 

 

“This write-up is a response to Jacqueline’s request to share 20th Century personal experience and information in an interview for her History Class at JMU. She interviewed me Sat and this is a follow-up based on her initial contact which I prepared but was not addressed in her questioning on Sat.  Though it may be of interest to some of her other cousins.” 

  

Subject: Viewpoints on WW II, Korea, and Vietnam 

“Having been born 10 months to the day before the attack of our Arm and Navy in Hawaii, I recall the Air Raid Wardens coming to our home during lights out practices and making sure the neighborhood was dark. Remember telling my parents that there was a light on under the radio, which as a child did not think in terms of such a small light having no consequences.”  

WWII: “America was indecisive on which side it wanted to fight in WW II until the Japanese attacked and Hitler declared war on the USA. They galvanized America to their regret when Knudsen and Kaiser plus the rest of the country out produced the AXIS in food and war materials.  However, the brunt of the war was suffered by the Chinese and the Russians.  In one tank battle, 10,000 Russian tanks destroyed 5,000 German tanks.  It is hard to even imagine what the poor infantry soldiers were being subjected to on both sides in that battle. But, one should drive home that the culprits in the European war initially were the three Axis partners, Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin. All three were Socialist leading socialist countries each aiming at destroying all the capitalist ones starting mainly with France and Britain and the US too.” 

  

Vietnam War: “Col. Tomlinson (I think that was his name) the PMST at MTSC told me in 1961 we would be fighting in Vietnam soon. We put the first troops in country “Boots on the ground” into the active combat action in the Spring of 1964. Up to that point, we had not taken an active fighting role, we only had advisors in the country. When the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the United States became concerned about communist gains in Vietnam. And started supporting the South Vietnam military with advisors and arms and coordination. I was assigned there in 1968 and 1969 for a 12-month tour and was on my way back for a second tour in 1972 when President Nixon and Sec of State Henry Kissinger negotiated a pull out after bombing Hanoi with B-52 raids.  The US Congress cut off funding for the South Vietnam Army in 1974 and the South Vietnamese could not compete with the North supported by Russia and China. In 1975, we withdrew from Vietnam and in a short time the North took the south.” 

  

 

D. Research 

The research I carried out prior to the interview only covered the main ideas of the Vietnam War and the Korean War. Because my grandad did not fight in the Korean War (which I was unaware of before the interview) I found that research I did beforehand to not be helpful. After the interview, I knew I needed to research a plethora more places than I thought as well as certain dates during the 1950s to the 1970s. I also needed to look at the big picture during that period such as President Johnson’s actions during the Vietnam War. The first source I found from the James Madison University Library Catalogue. It helps me understand the relationship between Germany and the United States because of World War II. This may not seem important to the time period of which my grandad lived in Germany, yet it does because of outside context and how Germans thought of him and having U.S. military stationed there before his departure to Vietnam. This historical review claims that Germany viewed as its ally against the Soviets. The Soviet Union was “primarily interested in destroying any chance Germany had of rebuilding a military force and unconcerned with the economy or living standard of the German people” (Farquharson). The Allied Reparations Commission (ARC) molded the United States as the moderators between Great Britain and the USSR. The fact that the U.S. military was stationed in Germany during the early 1960s was typical because of the favorable relationship between the United States and Germany. The second source that helped me understand my grandfather’s interview is an article from AARP found on the JMU Library Catalogue. It features anecdotes from people who fought during the war between 1965-1975. My grandfather fought in the war starting in ‘68, so this period is applicable to the information in the article. In the early years of the war, President Johnson already professed his despair. He told Georgia Senator Richard Russel, “A man can fight if he can see daylight down the road somewhere, but there ain’t no daylight in Vietnam. There’s not a bit.” (Tharp). This gave me more background information on the United States opinion through the eyes of the president. The idea that my grandad was fighting in the army during this time as a young man was typical. Boys who turned eighteen had to register for the military. During those times, it was a very patriotic thing and that ‘everyone had to serve their time.’ The last source I found was from a credible .org site that presents various statistics about the Vietnam War. 2.7 Americans served throughout the Vietnam War, that is only 9.7% of the American population during that time (Vietnam Statistics.) My grandad, who served in the army during the war, did something that was atypical compared to other Americans during that time. 58,202 Americans were killed in combat (KIA), about 2.4%. “As of January 15, 2004, there are 1,875 Americans still unaccounted for from the Vietnam War” (Vietnam Statistics).  

 

Works Cited – MLA 

Farquharson, J. E. “Anglo-American Policy on German Reparations from Yalta to Potsdam.” English Historical Review, vol. 112, no. 448, Sept. 1997, p. 904. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1093/ehr/CXII.448.904. 

Tharp, Mike, and Michael Anft. “A Decade in the War That Changed Everything.” AARP The Magazine, vol. 58, no. 3C, Mar. 2015, pp. 56–61.  < https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2015/vietnam.html > 

“Vietnam Statistics.” US War Dog Association. 20 Mar. 2019 <http://www.uswardogs.org/vietnam-statistics/>. 

 

E. Transcript 

 

JA- Why did you join the military?  

 

Charles Anderson – Well in 1958, I was still in high school. And at that time the draft was very real, people were getting drafted for two years in the service. And in the National Guard if you join the National Guard you would get your military obligation done active duty wise in six months after you graduate from high school. So I joined the 30th Army Division of the Tennessee National Guard in order to meet my military obligation before the draft caught up with me and I was going to do six months instead of two years because if you got drafted you had to do two years. Had no intentions in all of making the military career. We’re just trying to get my obligation out of the way. That’s how I first became part of the military.  

 

JA- What year did you join the military? 

 

Charles Anderson – I joined the guard in 1958.  

 

JA- And what year did you resign? 

 

Charles Anderson – Well, you don’t resign unless you resign your commission. I retired.  

 

JA- Okay 

 

Charles Anderson – I retired in 1983.  

 

JA– And you were part of … that was the branch you were a part of, the National Guard. 

 

Charles Anderson – No, no National Guard was what I had when I was in high school. That was what I was part of went into college went into ROTC Reserve officer training. And when I graduated in May of 1963, I was given a commission as a second lieutenant in the Army Signal Corps.  

 

JA- Why did you choose the Army out of the other branches? 

 

Charles Anderson – Well, the Army was the primary service that the ROTC supported now, I could have I could have gone and opted to ask for a Navy Commission. Or a marine commission or an Air Force commission and one or two of our classmates did but primarily it was an army training ground. And at that time. I had no intentions of making the service a career. So I was not really given it a lot of thought one way or the other.  

 

JA- So once you developed that into a career what places were you stationed in while you are were in the army? 

 

Charles Anderson – Well we started out in 1962 while I was still a Cadet going to Fort Benning Georgia and receiving nine weeks of infantry summer camp. We used to say at Fort Benning that it was a hundred and ten degrees in the shade and there was no shade. And it was quite a quite a summer and but good training and all the cadets in my class, of course. Participated in that in ’63 when I graduated. I was commissioned in May and I was reported the first of July to Fort Gordon, Georgia. That’s what the Army calls the basic course, which is kind of an orientation for officers as they first come into the service and also it has some Technical Training for the particular branch that they’re in whether it be infantry artillery, armor, signal, engineers quartermaster, whatever. 

 

JA- What was it like living in different places? Did you experience… 

 

Charles Anderson – Well, I let me go ahead and finish the other assignments and finish your question. The next assignment I had was Fort Lee Virginia the Army thought I would make a logistics officer and they sent me for an installation Supply course installation Logistics officer’s course at Fort Lee. That was a very difficult course because I didn’t know a lot about logistics and that they had a lot of they had a lot of difficult tests. That was a hard one to get through, but I got through it with help and that was a time your dad was born when I was at Fort Lee in September of 1963 next assignment the family moved. By the way these initial assignments my wife and family remained in the college town where I’d gone to school. And this is the first assignment we went to when the family was together at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas that was about a year. We purchased the house on Jenny Lind drive and Mr. McNamara the secretary defense closed the post a year later and I had to sell the house and we moved to Fort Huachuca; Arizona I was at Fort Chaffee. I was alone. I was a long-range radio petune, which gave me some good experience in long-range radio. At Fort Huachuca was the company commander of the 525th Signal Company combat area. We were there for approximately two and a half years. From Fort Huachuca we went to Buchbach Germany, which was part of 7th Army and I was company commander of B company 16 Signal Battalion from there went to Mannheim Germany and became the 7th Army systems control officer where we had these systems in case the Russians came over the border and started another war that we’d be able to have communications with our combat forces. From there we went to I went to Qui Nhơn, Vietnam and again I was company commander of the 464th. It was about 360 men in the company. I had had that to the company for the entire year. From Vietnam went to Fort Campbell Kentucky and was the officer assignment officer. I’ve called the military personnel officer at Fort Campbell. We were there for about a year-and-a-half went to another training school at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, which was known as the Advanced Career course. We were there for approximately nine months from there came to Washington DC. I might add to that at that time I was on orders for a second tour to Vietnam and about three weeks before I graduated from my school. I called my branch and they said that my unit was standing down. This was when Mr. Nixon was bringing the end to the war and standing… standing units down in my Branch indicated that they would find me another assignment in Vietnam. But this one they had to give up because units coming home. And I told him I didn’t mean to work too hard. I didn’t need to punch my ticket twice. They don’t have a real assignment to find another one. So, about a week later. They called me back and said you’re going to Washington DC. So, it didn’t go for a second tour to Vietnam, which I was I was grateful for because I didn’t think the family needed to handle that again.  

 

JA- Yeah 

 

Charles Anderson- And I didn’t necessarily need another tour. Came to Washington. I was Deputy Chief of Staff Communications Electronics for a major command called MDW Military District of Washington. from there went to Korea Uijeongbu, Korea where I had the 226 Signal Battalion. That was a great assignment. That was one of the best assignments I’ve ever had in the Army except for the family separation. It made it difficult for the family or perhaps not as difficult as I thought maybe they did fine without me. From the came back from Korea went to the Pentagon. It was an operating officer in the Pentagon spent two and a half years there went to Fort Belvoir computer systems command and from computer systems command uhhh went into JCS which is the Joint Chiefs of Staff and I was Major systems program officer and I retired out of JCS in August of 1983. Now you talked about the battle and uhh this is a picture of the outside by five miles from Qui Nhơn. A lot of times the kind of action we got was not like World War II or even Korea but what we got ambushes because a lot of times the BC and the NBA didn’t want to confront us right home because we had a lot more Firepower. Then they did you say it hits you by Ambush and stealth and they were very good at that. We were taking a convoy out at dusk in the evening. We probably should have been doing more of daylight time and they hit us from one side of this road. And we had a convoy of about 10 vehicles in the middle was a 5-ton what we call a gun truck with a 50 caliber. And it turns out when they hit us if they’ve been on both sides of the road. They might have really wiped us out. But the gun truck even though the driver was injured he kept going back and forth with that 50 along the berm along the side of the road and they were suppressed with fire and they withdraw they withdrew. What I realized later is that we destroyed so many of their people doing Ted of 68 if they were still rebuilding if they had been what they were before 1968. They have been on both sides of the road. Little tactically destroy us I thought I was very fortunate to get there at the tail end of 10. So that was one battle. Another battle was they blew up an ammo dump. We had we were next to a South Vietnamese what we call an Arvin Division and they had a huge ammo dump right next to it right next to our wire and it was on Ted of 69 not Ted of 68 of ’69 February of ’69. They blew that dump, VC blue that dump and it went up like a Fourth of July you’ve never seen.  

 

JA- Oh my gosh 

 

Charles Anderson – And it went for hours and hours and hours. We had people go nuts and we had to suppress them, some of our own people, you know, they thought that world has come to an end. Those were the two occasions that I thought that there were other times with smaller things those two occasions that you stop and think back and say yeah, That could have been deadly you could have you could have lost you lost stuff there and but fortunately got …got through it in one piece. And you know, we weren’t we weren’t out there like the Infantry in the bush fighting the VC everyday looking for the looking for the enemy and uhhh but we had our we had our moments. We were supporting the Infantry in terms of 101st Airborne 1st cav division the tiger rock division. The 173rd Airborne the 4th Infantry Division at marble Mountain that Pleiku. So, we were supporting some really crackerjack units. I’m sorry. I meant carried away. Go ahead.  

 

JA- So what were your like the majority of your emotions while fighting in Vietnam? 

 

Charles Anderson – We don’t you know, the Army believes in a lot of training sometimes we don’t do as much as we should but when you do get into action your training normally puts you into a kind of a robotic mode and you don’t really think about hey that could have been deadly until afterwards because you’re so busy. So you what you hope you’ll do is respond well to the training you’ve had and you’ll overcome the enemy and get on with it and that five-ton driver who was injured knew that driving that truck back and forth was critical. You know the thing the… thing that most likely a lot of people would do without training, they would stop to treat their wounds. He didn’t he kept moving and the 50 guy who was taking fire, he kept going so, you know, I can I consider those two people extremely important to keeping us from getting hurt a lot worse than we were. They were they were two people lost. Could have lost the whole Convoy. So, you know courage is easy to Define in a combat situation you either overcome the fear and do what you need to do, or you let the fear control you. If you let the fear control you you’re done but courage is important in all forms of life because people are always going to be confronted with challenges that will give them fear whether it be in a marriage, would it be a business whether it be in an academic setting and environment whether it be in riding horses, you know, there’s always potential for fear and courage is nothing wrong with being afraid. You have to try to overcome the fear that’s courage if you can overcome it, but it’s not just the battle in the military. You know that understands what courage is.  

 

JA- So you also fought in the Korean War? 

 

Charles Anderson – I was not in the Korean War. I was in Korea, but it was after the war.  

 

JA- Okay. So, after living in different countries and different states did were you exposed to some of the cultures?  

 

Charles Anderson- Yes. Yes. I think probably the first culture we were exposed to was in the states and that was in Northwest, Arkansas. That was kind of a different Ozark, Midwest type of culture that was interesting very friendly people but had some of their own, you know peculiarities in terms of their culture. Arizona was the next assignment and the people out in the southwest have their own culture been influenced a great deal by Native Americans and the Spaniards and… and the Mexicans, but they are there are free people. They appreciate their independence and they and they are very independent. And you appreciate that so that was very good. Went from there to Europe in the Europeans. Of course, we got into Europe about one generation two decades after the end of World War II and the Europeans were still rebuilding it and there was still some… some wounds that were still some cities that portions were still bombed out, but they were trying to rebuild, and I think we developed good relations with them during that time, but the Germans are very, very efficient, very smart, very precise people and we had some friends on the economy. They also eat good food. You have some wonderful desserts and they walk into their forests, tell you a story, they walk in their forest. They love their forests. And they walk in their Forest religiously. I mean on the weekends you’re going to the forest their people are everywhere as many people as there are trees. One day we were walking in Mannheim and the boys were walking with us and uhh lots of people, Joe, your dad he was walking with us and he will think he’s holding your mother’s hand, his mother’s hand and Joe looked around and said, “where did all these crowds come from?” What crowd is not necessarily a polite expression for a German because they eat a lot of sauerkraut and it’s got a kind of ties them to a particular thing, you know, they’re a little broader than just what they eat. And his mother said “shhhh” he had learnt picked that up from our Putzfrau which was a cleaning woman that lives in our where we live because she was calling her own people krauts. So that’s just a memorable story that I think is of Interest. At that time the German Mark was about four Marks to the dollar and we could go out into one of their guest houses that they have wonderful food. They have good drink, but for about oh 20 marks 25 marks. We could have a full meal of main course, salads, desert drinks, and everything that was equivalent about four to five dollars in those days. Those days are gone. Now, the ratio is about 1/2 to 1. But yes, it was also interesting to go to Korea or to Vietnam from Germany the Vietnam the Vietnamese people were certainly an ancient Asian culture a very industrious people very smart people. They didn’t have a whole lot going for them doing the war because there weren’t that many opportunities and they had the North saying you need to be on our side, and they had the South you need to be on our side. They had the Americans they were kind of pushing one way or another so it was a difficult time for them, but they’re very resilient people and the culture has is primarily Buddhist but 90% Buddhist about 10% Catholic and they of course the French had influential with other French culture. Seen in some of the places like the train and some of the other places but there are good people and they’re also a very formidable enemy in a fight.  

 

JA- So what was it like raising children while being in the military?  

 

Charles Anderson- Let me answer one of the things about the Korean culture. I found that that was one of the best assignments I ever had in the Army. I found the Korean people. I thought at first they were very formal in distant as you get to know them and if they get to know you they’re very friendly caring people and I found that we played games we had a little chapel team group and we played games, memory games. They were always on top of having a great memory and being able to remember sequences. And things that the game dealt with and they’re very good and they’re very very, very good good folks and enjoy them. Now they have some funny diets. They have any kimchi which is fermented cabbage. I learned to like that; most Americans turn their nose up at it. But the Koreans appreciated the fact that I accepted and like their kimchi when I go into the restaurants instead of giving a little relish dish, they give me a soup bowl of it. I became known as the you know, as a man the American that likes her kimchi. They live in a very rugged land a lot of mountains not a whole lot of tillable fertile ground for their rice, but they do so much with so little they’ve learned over the centuries how to survive and today I guess South Korea as an economic miracle. I’m sure if I went back after 35 years 40 years now. It’s been I wouldn’t recognize it. That time you know you you were going on gravel roads and maybe one or two superhighways North and South. But it was a it was a good cultural experience and I learned to appreciate the Korean people as I did the Vietnamese people.  

 

JA- So going back to my last question. What was it like raising children while being in the military?  

 

Charles Anderson- Well, you know, I think they were good parts and bad parts. I remember one time we had to relocate and one of the boys almost cried and said, he’d like to stay here, he had friends. You know, why do you have to be in the Army? That was his question and the only answer I could think of well; somebody has to be. And so it was tough on the kids sometimes and moving around leaving their friends and so forth. However at the same time, I think they were exposed to experiences and situation in other parts of the world that also could give them a broadening view of things and not necessarily, you know, like a someone that stays in the same Hometown all their life, although there’s nothing wrong with that but I think getting out and seeing different places and comparing what you know, with what other people seem to know is a great opportunity to learn and to grow. So in that regard, I think it was good. Some of the schools probably we’re better than others. So you were getting probably some inconsistency and teaching and the ability of teachers, but I think in most cases they all dealt with that pretty well seems to me.  

 

JA- What were some of the positives of serving in the army?  

 

Charles Anderson- Well, I think you felt like you were doing something that was bigger than yourself that you were outside of yourself. You were serving Society in the defense of the of the society. You weren’t making a lot of money. Although you were making enough money to take care of your family, you know. And you got a you got a chance to learn the system. You got a chance to know other people you were exposed to a lot of people. I think one of the biggest benefits is the different situations that you get exposed to because you’re that again, that’s a learning opportunity. So I think that was good you got to deal with some of the technology and I know when some of my program management job I was really fortunate in to be able to learn about certain technologies that I never would have otherwise. With as with the guy responsible for making it happen. So you had to ask all your engineers what was going on and why this and how come the software is taking so long to get done and stuff like that. But so I think there are a lot of benefits but one of the main benefits I think is the exposure to the different situations and people and also I think you also learn responsibility if you didn’t know it before because you’re at a young age, you’re made responsible for millions of dollars of equipment and for people’s lives, you know, they’re not too many civilian jobs where that kind of situation occurs.  

 

JA- And what were some of the negatives? 

 

Charles Anderson- Well, like I say some of the moving around and some of the kids I think didn’t want to it want to move it time. You never knew exactly what the next boss was going to be like so you always were hoping we always said that try to be positive. We always said our next assignment going to be a best assignment that was kind of that positive attitude. Sometimes that worked out and sometimes it didn’t but you know, I guess probably some of the negatives too is that I guess if you were in a corporation or if you were in a situation where you had your own business and you put 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 years. It might have grown to something that was you know, very significant both financially and perhaps service-wise and the so you were you were not building you will not building on the same pyramid you were you kind of put in a new pair of made in place each time you jumped.  

 

JA- And then my last question, umm how has your service in the Army impacted your life? 

 

Charles Anderson- I think it’s had a positive impact. I think it has I do. I look at I look at some of my classmates two of my classmates were killed in Vietnam and one was not married and one was married with a wife and two children. They not only didn’t get a chance to see the children grow. They never experienced their grandchildren. So you know war is a very destructive thing and I feel that I don’t know why but I feel like I’ve been blessed with life that some of my classmates never knew. So I hope I make the best of it.  

 

JA- And would you like to add any other final thoughts?  

 

Charles Anderson- Well, I just wish you well in your studies and If something comes up as you review your notes, if you have any more questions, or if you need clarification up, you know how to get a hold of me and I’m willing to support you 100% maybe a hundred and ten and wish you well. 

 

JA- All right. Well, thank you for your time. 

 

 F. Conclusion: 

Overall, I thought that because we went mostly off-script, it would not turn out as well as I thought. Luckily, as I was going over the transcript and listening to our conversation, I think it turned out nicely. I was able to obtain a lot of information and learn more about my grandad and what it was like to grow up during his time in the twentieth century. If I were to do this project again, I would do a lot more research beforehand, so I could ask specific questions for the interviewee. I am grateful to have a peice of my family history recorded and saved digitally.

 

 

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